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editorial
. 2018 Oct 23;9(83):35376–35377. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.26266

Figure 1. Aberrant Innate Immune Signaling Pathways in del(5q) MDS.

Figure 1

During aging, DAMPs are gradually accumulated in the bone marrow microenvironment and trigger Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated innate immune response. Haploinsufficiency of several 5q genes, including MiR-146a, TIFAB, DIAPH1 and RPS14, induce an aberrant activation of the innate immune signaling and overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines through different mechanisms. Cell death caused by cytokine-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generates more DAMPs. MDSC expansion, which is achieved through S100A9-CD33 ligation, results in an increased number of effective cells engaged in the innate immune signaling pathways. The potential targetable molecules are highlighted with red inhibition symbols.