Figure 5. A_2AR disruption exacerbates HFD-induced adipose tissue insulin resistance.

Male A_2AR^−/−, A_2AR^+/−, and A_2AR^+/+ mice, at 5 – 6 weeks of age, were fed an HFD for 12 weeks. (A) Adipose tissue insulin signaling. Prior to harvest, mice were given an injection of insulin (1 U/kg body weight) into the portal vein for 5 min. Lysates of epididymal fat were subjected to Western blot analysis. Bar graphs, quantifications of blots. (B) The mRNA levels of genes for adipose tissue metabolic responses were quantified using real-time RT-PCR. (C) Lysates of epididymal fat were examined for HSL amount and phosphorylation states using Western blot analysis. For A and C, numeric data are means ± SEM. n = 6 - 8. Statistical difference between A_2AR^−/− and A_2AR^+/+: *, P < 0.05 and **, P < 0.01 in A under the same condition, in B for the same gene, or in C; statistical difference between A_2AR^−/− and A_2AR^+/−: ^†, P < 0.05 and ^††, P < 0.01 in A under the same condition, in B for the same gene, or in C; statistical difference between A_2AR^+/− and A_2AR^+/+: ^‡, P < 0.05 and ^‡‡, P < 0.01 in A under the same condition or in C.