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All of the patients’ clinical evaluations before and after surgery. (A) JOA scores, (B) ODI scores, (C) VAS for back pain, and (D) VAS for leg pain. All the disability and pain scores improved significantly after surgery. JOA, Japanese Orthopedic Association; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; VAS, visual analogue score. *p < 0.05, statistically significant difference.
