(a): Semi-quantitative RT-PCR using primers specific for TLRs 1–10 showed mRNA for TLR3, 4, 5, 7, 9, and 10 in HBMEC, and TLR3 were the most abundant. hTLR PCs: human TLRs positive controls; RT-PCR was performed using 10 ng TLRs (1–10) cDNA from InvivoGen. (b): Densitometry analyses of RT-PCR data from three independent experiments using HBMEC from three different human donors. (c): Exposure of HBMEC to HIV-1ADA (MOI: 0.001) or PIC for 24 hours increased TLR3 transcription, and densitometry analyses of data from three independent experiments using HBMEC from three different human donors, confirmed these results (d). Additional controls consisted of RT-PCR with GAPDH primers (a, c). M: molecular weight marker; bp: base pairs; *P<0.05, ***P<0.001.