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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Neurobiol. 2017 Nov 11;55(7):5976–5992. doi: 10.1007/s12035-017-0816-8

Fig. 2. HIV-1 and TRL3 ligands increased TLR3 expression in HBMEC.

Fig. 2

(a): Exposure of HBMEC to HIV-1ADA increased TLR3 expression, with higher levels observed from 12 hours post-exposure. (b): Exposure of HBMEC to HIV-1ADA for 12 to 48 hours induced a time-dependent increase in TLR3 expression. (c): Exposure of HBMEC to PIC (for 24 hours) increased TLR3 expression, with higher levels observed with 25 to 50 µg/ml PIC. Additional controls consisted of Western blot analyses with β-actin antibodies; densitometry analyses of data from three independent experiments using HBMEC from three different human donors, confirmed that HIV-1 and PIC increased TLR3 expression (a-c). kDa: kilodalton. *P<0.05, ***P<0.001.