Table 2.
Lifestyle Factors and Physical/Mental Component Summary (PCS/MCS) HRQOL in Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer*
| Physical Component Summary (PCS) | Mental Components Summary (MCS) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||
| beta | P | beta | P | |
| Age, years (ref: 18–29) | ||||
| 30–39 | −2.14 | <.0001 | −0.99 | .05 |
| ≥40 | −6.19 | <.0001 | −0.07 | .91 |
| Sex (male vs. female) | 0.71 | .09 | 2.29 | <.0001 |
| Race/ethnicity (ref: non-Hispanic White) | ||||
| Non-Hispanic Black and other | −0.58 | .30 | 0.04 | .95 |
| Education (ref: Grades 0–12) | ||||
| Post high school/some college | 3.69 | <.0001 | 2.48 | <.0001 |
| College graduate | 5.76 | <.0001 | 3.58 | <.0001 |
| Marital status (married vs. other) | 1.74 | .0003 | 2.78 | <.0001 |
| Radiation therapy (ref: no RT) | ||||
| Any RT | −2.16 | <.0001 | −0.42 | .39 |
| Head/neck only | −1.71 | .001 | −0.59 | .33 |
| Head/neck + chest | −1.76 | .05 | −1.82 | .08 |
| Head/neck + chest + abdomen/pelvis | −3.30 | <.0001 | 0.05 | .96 |
| Chest +/− abdomen/pelvis | −2.74 | 0.002 | −0.12 | .90 |
| Chemotherapy (ref: no chemotherapy) | ||||
| Alkylating agents | −1.71 | <.0001 | −0.08 | .87 |
| Anthracyclines | 0.45 | .35 | −0.23 | .69 |
| Antimetabolites | −0.26 | .71 | 0.19 | .81 |
| Glucocorticoids | 0.41 | .57 | −0.34 | .66 |
| HEI-2015 (ref. Q1 <52.1) | ||||
| Q2 (52.2–60.0) | 0.50 | .35 | 0.72 | .26 |
| Q3 (60.1–67.8) | 1.84 | .001 | 1.20 | .07 |
| Q4 (≥67.9) | 1.79 | .003 | 1.31 | .06 |
| Physical Activity (active vs. inactive) | 3.10 | <.0001 | 1.48 | .002 |
| BMI, kg/m2 (ref: 18.5–24) | ||||
| Underweight (<18.5) | −0.22 | .84 | 0.66 | .61 |
| Overweight (25–29.9) | −0.40 | .43 | −0.34 | .56 |
| Obese (≥30) | −3.29 | <.0001 | −1.61 | .005 |
| Smoking (ref: Nonsmokers) | ||||
| Former | −1.13 | .07 | −1.69 | .02 |
| Current | −2.30 | <.0001 | −6.49 | <.0001 |
| Alcohol, drink/week (ref: Nondrinkers) | ||||
| Moderate | 1.14 | .006 | −1.13 | .02 |
| High | 0.11 | .87 | 0.12 | .88 |
|
Adherence to Healthy Lifestyle Factors (ref: adherence score <=2) |
||||
| 3 | 2.32 | <.0001 | 2.16 | 0.0004 |
| 4 | 4.96 | <.0001 | 4.32 | <.0001 |
| 5 | 5.78 | <.0001 | 5.03 | <.0001 |
| 6 | 7.69 | <.0001 | 5.76 | <.0001 |
| P trend<0.0001 | P trend<0.0001 | |||
Betas and P values for education and marital status were adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity; betas and P values for treatment were adjusted for age, sex, and cancer type; betas and P values for Healthy Eating Index-2015, physical activity, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, lifestyle behaviors were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and five lifestyle factors (Healthy Eating Index-2015, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption) simultaneously in the same model; and betas and P values for adherence to healthy lifestyle factors were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Betas were standardized estimates that reflect T-scores (mean=50; SD=10) in each HRQOL domain in association with each risk factor.