Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2018 Nov 9;9:4741. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-07013-3

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 4 — Chemospace and dissimilarity plot showing chemical similarity between modern, matured and fossil samples. a Chemospace including control samples (sediments, undecalcified samples from reducing settings, glues, epoxy resin; a total of 28 specimens). b Chemospace excluding control samples (a total of 15 specimens). Colored clusters represent the three main categories of samples analyzed in this study: control samples (gray), modern (yellow), experimentally matured (orange) and fossil hard tissues (red). 1 Rhea americana eggshell; 2 Lepisosteus osseus scale; 3 Gallus domesticus eggshell; 4 Alligator mississipiensis bone; 5 Rhea americana eggshell matured; 6 Gallus domesticus matured; 7 Alligator mississipiensis bone matured; 8 Lepisosteus osseus scale matured; 9 Heyuannia huangi eggshell; 10 Miohippus anceps tooth; 11 Allosaurus fragilis tooth; 12 Psammornis rothschildi eggshell; 13 Allosaurus fragilis bone; 14 paleonisciform scale; 15 paleonisciform scale; 16 crocodilian bone; 17 Iguanodon bernissartensis bone; 18 sediment surrounding Diplodocus bone; 19 epoxy resin; 20 sediment surrounding Maiasaura sp. remains; 21 Maiasaura sp. tooth; 22 sediment embedding Ichthyosaurus bone; 23 polyacrylamide glue; 24 Ichthyosaurus sp. bone; 25 Maiasaura sp. eggshell; 26 polyacrylamide glue on fossil bone; 27 Saltasaurus sp. eggshell; 28 Nothosaurus sp. tooth. c Dissimilarity plot illustrating soft tissue compositional changes through fossilization. An average Raman spectrum based on all fresh soft tissues (a total of 4 specimens acquired with 4 accumulations) was subtracted from that based on all fossil soft tissues analyzed (a total of 7 specimens acquired with 4 accumulations). The spectral bands indicating the net enrichment of proteinaceous soft tissues during fossilization correspond to pentosidine (depicted), a classic AGE/ALE marker