Table 2.
Effect of alkaline versus neutral water on glycaemic variables.
| Effect (%) | 95% CI | P | Q | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plasma glucose | ||||
| Glucose0 | −1.4 | −5.7–3.1 | 0.5 | 0.74 |
| Glucose30 | 9.3 | 2.6–16.5 | 0.006 | 0.09 |
| Glucose60 | 11.0 | −1.0–24.5 | 0.08 | 0.35 |
| Glucose90 | 0.0 | −9.2–10.1 | 0.99 | 0.99 |
| Glucose120 | 2.3 | −10.1–16.5 | 0.73 | 0.81 |
| AUCGlucose | 4.9 | −1.1–11.3 | 0.11 | 0.56 |
| AUCGlucose(0–30) | 3.1 | −1.2–7.5 | 0.16 | 0.59 |
| IAUCGlucose | 41.9 | 2.2–97.2 | 0.04 | 0.46 |
| IAUCGlucose(0–30) | 9.3 | 2.6–16.5 | 0.006 | 0.15 |
| Serum insulin | ||||
| Insulin0 | −4.1 | −26.2–24.6 | 0.75 | 0.81 |
| Insulin30 | 14.1 | −6.3–38.8 | 0.19 | 0.44 |
| Insulin60 | 25.9 | −6.4–69.3 | 0.13 | 0.36 |
| Insulin90 | 6.5 | −19.6–41.0 | 0.66 | 0.81 |
| Insulin120 | 15.1 | −23.2–72.4 | 0.50 | 0.74 |
| AUCInsulin | 13.7 | −5.3–36.4 | 0.17 | 0.59 |
| AUCInsulin(0–30) | 10.1 | −8.8–33.0 | 0.32 | 0.61 |
| IAUCInsulin | 19.1 | −2.0–44.8 | 0.08 | 0.56 |
| IAUCInsulin(0–30) | 14.1 | −6.3–38.8 | 0.19 | 0.59 |
| Indices of insulin secretion and β−cell function | ||||
| AUCInsulin/AUCGlucose | 8.2 | −7.1–26.1 | 0.31 | 0.61 |
| IAUCInsulin/IAUCGlucose | −16.4 | −40.6–17.8 | 0.31 | 0.61 |
| AUCInsulin(0–30)/AUCGlucose(0–30) | 6.8 | −10.3–27.2 | 0.46 | 0.82 |
| IAUCInsulin(0–30)/IAUCGlucose(0–30) | 4.3 | −13.4–25.6 | 0.66 | 0.92 |
| HOMA2-B | 0.0 | −13.3–15.4 | 0.99 | 0.99 |
| IGI | −16.3 | −37.5–12.1 | 0.23 | 0.61 |
| CIR | −12.7 | −30.6–10.0 | 0.25 | 0.61 |
| DI | −20.8 | −40.0–4.5 | 0.10 | 0.56 |
| 1st phase insulin release | −3.5 | −17.2–12.4 | 0.65 | 0.92 |
| 2nd phase insulin release | −0.8 | −12.7–12.7 | 0.90 | 0.98 |
| BIGTT-AIR30 | 2.2 | −12.1–18.8 | 0.78 | 0.97 |
| Indices of insulin sensitivity | ||||
| HOMA2-IR | −4.7 | −27.0–24.6 | 0.73 | 0.96 |
| ISIMatsuda | −6.4 | −25.1–17.0 | 0.56 | 0.88 |
| MCR | −0.6 | −9.4–9.1 | 0.90 | 0.98 |
| Stumvoll | −0.4 | −10.4–10.8 | 0.95 | 0.99 |
| QUICKI | 1.7 | −3.9–7.7 | 0.56 | 0.88 |
| OGIS | −0.4 | −5.6–5.2 | 0.90 | 0.98 |
Effect estimates are differences (%) in geometric means (alkaline relative to neutral water) derived from linear mixed models adjusted for age and BMI (except the BIGTT-AIR30 and OGIS indices which were adjusted for age only). A description of the indices is available in Table S1. AUC, area under the curve. IAUC, incremental area under the curve. DI, disposition index. IGI, insulinogenic index. CIR, corrected insulin release. HOMA2-B, homeostatic model assessment of beta-cell function. HOMA2-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. MCR, metabolic clearance rate. QUICKI, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index. OGIS, oral glucose insulin index. ISI, Insulin sensitivity index.