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. 2018 Nov 9;8:16659. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34876-9

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Dominant-negative effects of the mutant KCNQ4 channels. (a) Individual mutants (p.D266Y and p.V87_N89del) were co-expressed with WT KCNQ4 at the indicated WT:mutant cDNA molar ratios, and linopirdine-sensitive K⁺ current traces were recorded at +40 mV. Dashed lines indicate zero current levels. (b) Comparison of current densities at +40 mV. WT:mutant cDNA ratios are indicated under the bar graphs, and the total amount of cDNA was equalized in all groups by adding empty vector (pRK5). (c) Suppression of WT-mediated current by the co-expression of mutant (Mt) KCNQ4 channels. The mean values of the current densities obtained at +40 mV were normalized, and the current suppression ratios were denoted against WT/(WT + mutant) ratios of cDNA transfected. Dashed line with a square symbol denotes the predicted suppression ratio expected for the tetrameric channel. Mean ± SEMs (n = 10–24).