Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the population.
| Variable | Mean or frequency |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 100) | Frail (n = 26) | Non-frail (n = 66) | ||
| Age | 77 ± 13.4 | 80 ± 11.3 | 71 ± 13.6 | |
| Males | 56% | 30.77% | 62.12% | |
| History | Hypertension | 78% | 75.76% | 88.46% |
| Diabetes | 36% | 34.62% | 40.91% | |
| Smokers | 27% | 23.08% | 28.79% | |
| Former smokers | 23% | 19.23% | 22.73% | |
| Dyslipidemia | 7% | 7.69% | 7.58% | |
| Obesity | 7% | 11.54% | 6.06% | |
| Coronary disease | 23% | 19.23% | 24.24% | |
| Chronic Heart failure | 52% | 69.23% | 43.94% | |
| Ejection fraction <40% | 51% | 35.29% | 55.36% | |
| Peripheral artery disease | 5% | 0% | 6.06% | |
| Renal disease | 24% | 19.23% | 22.73% | |
| Stroke | 4% | 7.69% | 3.03% | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 33% | 34.62% | 30.30% | |
| COPD | 10% | 11.54% | 9.09% | |
| Pacemaker | 8% | 3.85% | 9.09% | |
| Medication | ACE inhibitors | 36% | 38.46% | 36.36% |
| ARBs | 27% | 30.77% | 27.27% | |
| Beta blockers | 60% | 69.23% | 57.58% | |
| Mineralocorticoid receptor inhibitors | 24% | 26.92% | 24.24% | |
| Calcium channel blockers | 12% | 7.69% | 13.64% | |
| Aspirin | 32% | 23.08% | 36.36% | |
| Statins | 35% | 38.46% | 36.36% | |
| Furosemide | 49% | 42.31% | 48.48% | |
| Anticoagulants | 27% | 26.92% | 27.27% | |
| Amiodarone | 9% | 11.54% | 9.09% | |
| Digoxin | 3% | 3.85% | 3.03% | |
| Decompensation motive | Progression | 22% | 29.17% | 25.42% |
| Non-adherence to diet | 11% | 4.17% | 10.17% | |
| Lack of medication | 9% | 8.33% | 10.17% | |
| Supraventricular tachycardia | 15% | 4.17% | 22.03% | |
| Infection | 19% | 41.67% | 15.25% | |
| Renal failure | 5% | 8.33% | 3.39% | |
| Others | 9% | 4.17% | 13.56% | |
| Unknown | 10% | 13.56% | 10.61% | |
| Etiology | Ischemic | 37% | 38.89% | 32.65% |
| Chagas | 6% | 5.56% | 10.20% | |
| Valvular | 18% | 22.22% | 28.57% | |
| Idiopathic | 6% | 5.56% | 10.20% | |
| Others | 13% | 27.78% | 16.33% | |
| Unknown | 30% | 30.77% | 27.27% | |
| NYHA class | I | 9% | 5.00% | 9.52% |
| II | 60% | 30.00% | 68.25% | |
| III | 26% | 55.00% | 19.05% | |
| IV | 5% | 10.00% | 3.17% | |
| Hospitalization | Intensive care | 14% | 3.85% | 18.18% |
| General ward | 86% | 96.15% | 81.82% | |
| CFS | 1 | 7% | – | – |
| 2 | 14% | – | – | |
| 3 | 32% | – | – | |
| 4 | 18% | – | – | |
| 5 | 9% | – | – | |
| 6 | 10% | – | – | |
| 7 | 9% | – | – | |
| 8 | 1% | – | – | |
| 9 | 0% | – | – | |
| Mortality | In-hospital | 10.2% | 8.00% | 7.69% |
| 1-year | 40.96% | 59.09% | 29.09% | |