. 2017 Jul 29;218(Suppl 4):S243–S249. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jix122

Table 2.

Comparison of Direct and Indirect Monetary and Time Costs Associated With Typhoid Fever Illness Episodes (Hospitalized and Nonhospitalized Cases)

Costs	Hospitalized	Nonhospitalized
Total direct monetary costs^a	US$166 (SD, US$81)	US$39 (SD, US$38)
Total indirect monetary costs^b	US$67 (SD, US$104)	US$5 (SD, US$7)
Total direct time costs^c	20 d (SD, 30 d)	3 d (SD, 4 d)
Total indirect time costs^d	27 d (SD, 17 d)	18 d (SD, 19 d)

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; US$, United States dollars.

^aIncludes provider fees, hospital fees, diagnostic tests, prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) medication costs, purchase of food, and transportation costs.

^bIncludes loss of income or expenses associated with work, school, routine household and nonhousehold duties/tasks.

^cIncludes time for patients and caregivers at providers’ offices, hospital stay, diagnostic tests, purchasing prescription and OTC medications, purchasing food, and transport.

^dIncludes patients’ and caregivers’ loss of time at work, school, and engaging in routine household and nonhousehold duties/tasks.