Fig. 2.

Histone phosphorylation regulation model. The image shows the main phosphorylated residues of histones during different stages of the cell cycle, with the responsible kinases and phosphatases involved. Residues in red indicate phosphorylation during mitosis; in green during DNA transcription; in blue during DNA damage; and in light purple during Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC). Histone H2AX is coloured in light green (A), H2A in dark green (B), H2B in purple, H3 in blue, H4 in pink, and CENP-A in light blue (C). Phosphatases involved are highlighted in orange. RM: Repo-man: PP1, PP2A, PP5, PP6: Protein phosphatase 1, 2A, 5, 6, respectively. ATM: ataxia-telangiectasia mutated; ATR: ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein; VRK: Vaccinia-related protein kinases; JAK: Janus kinase; PKC: Protein kinase C; Dlk: death-associated protein (DAP)-like kinase; PRK: Phosphoribulokinase: CKII; Casein Kinase II.