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. 2018 Nov 10;392(10159):1736–1788. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32203-7

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© 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license

This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Leading 20 Level 3 causes of global YLLs for 1990, 2007, and 2017 with percentage change in number of YLLs, in all-age and age-standardised rates for both sexes combined

Causes are connected by lines between time periods; solid lines are increases and dashed lines are decreases. For the time period 1990–2007 and for 2007–17, three measures of change are shown: percentage change in the number of YLLs, percentage change in the all-age YLL rate, and percentage change in the age-standardised YLL rate. Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases are shown in red, non-communicable causes in blue, and injuries in green. Statistically significant changes are shown in bold. COPD=chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. YLLs=years of life lost.