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. 2018 Nov 10;392(10159):1923–1994. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6

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© 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.

This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Expected relationship between all-age, all-cause risk-attributable DALY rates and SDI for each GBD Level 2 risk, 1990–2017

Stacked curves show males (left) and females (right) after adjusting for mediation, scaling to account for overlapping risks, and aggregating so that total expected DALY rates reflect the true all-cause total expected DALY rates attributable to all risk factors. The y-axis shows lowest SDI (0·09) to highest SDI (0·92) for all GBD countries and territories, 1990–2017. Coloured regions are the proportion of the total attributable DALY rate corresponding to that risk factor. DALYs=disability-adjusted life-years. GBD=Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study. LDL=low-density lipoprotein. SDI=Socio-demographic Index.