Table 3.

Global all-age attributable deaths and DALYs, 2007–17, and percentage change of deaths and DALYs and age-standardised death rates and DALY rates, 2007–17, for all risk-outcome pairs

	Risk factors and outcomes				2007 deaths (thousands)	2017 deaths (thousands)	Percentage change in deaths, 2007–17	Percentage change in age-standardised death rate, 2007–17	2007 DALYs (thousands)	2017 DALYs (thousands)	Percentage change in DALYs, 2007–17	Percentage change in age-standardised DALY rate, 2007–17
0	All risk factors: all causes				31 500 (30 900 to 32 200)	34 100 (33 300 to 35 000)	8·3% (6·9 to 9·5)*	−15·7% (−16·6 to −14·8)*	1 270 000 (1 210 000 to 1 340 000)	1 210 000 (1 140 000 to 1280 000)	−4·9% (−6·5 to −3·3)*	−19·9% (−21·3 to −18·5)*
1	Environmental and occupational risks: all causes				8150 (7590 to 8810)	8320 (7690 to 9020)	2·2% (−0·3 to 4·7)	−20·1% (−21·8 to −18·2)*	345 000 (319 000 to 370 000)	308 000 (283 000 to 333 000)	−10·7% (−13·7 to −7·5)*	−24·9% (−27·4 to −22·3)*
2		Unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing: all causes			1990 (1610 to 2570)	1610 (1230 to 2230)	−18·8% (−26·2 to −10·1)*	−31·6% (−36·9 to −25·0)*	120 000 (103 000 to 138 000)	84 400 (71 800 to 102 000)	−29·6% (−35·3 to −23·0)*	−36·0% (−41·2 to −30·3)*
3		Unsafe water source: all causes			1500 (938 to 2110)	1230 (736 to 1830)	−18·0% (−26·9 to −8·0)*	−31·2% (−37·2 to −23·3)*	90 100 (58 500 to 113 000)	63 900 (40 800 to 83 100)	−29·1% (−35·4 to −21·5)*	−35·7% (−41·3 to −29·0)*
..			Diarrhoeal diseases		1500 (938 to 2110)	1230 (736 to 1830)	−18·0% (−26·9 to −8·0)*	−31·2% (−37·2 to −23·3)*	90 100 (58 500 to 113 000)	63 900 (40 800 to 83 100)	−29·1% (−35·4 to −21·5)*	−35·7% (−41·3 to −29·0)*
3		Unsafe sanitation: all causes			1110 (856 to 1450)	774 (566 to 1060)	−30·2% (−37·4 to −21·6)*	−41·2% (−46·4 to −34·2)*	66 500 (55 600 to 78 100)	41 500 (34 100 to 49 700)	−37·6% (−43·3 to −30·6)*	−43·2% (−48·4 to −37·1)*
..			Diarrhoeal diseases		1110 (856 to 1450)	774 (566 to 1060)	−30·2% (−37·4 to −21·6)*	−41·2% (−46·4 to −34·2)*	66 500 (55 600 to 78 100)	41 500 (34 100 to 49 700)	−37·6% (−43·3 to −30·6)*	−43·2% (−48·4 to −37·1)*
3		No access to handwashing facility: all causes			892 (528 to 1250)	707 (416 to 1020)	−20·7% (−26·4 to −13·1)*	−32·5% (−36·9 to −26·9)*	55 300 (33 200 to 75 300)	38 400 (22 800 to 52 100)	−30·5% (−35·6 to −24·7)*	−36·4% (−41·0 to −31·1)*
..			Lower respiratory infections		229 (148 to 306)	188 (122 to 249)	−17·9% (−21·9 to −13·6)*	−29·0% (−32·4 to −25·3)*	14 700 (9630 to 19 700)	10 300 (6780 to 13 800)	−29·8% (−34·1 to −25·0)*	−35·0% (−39·0 to −30·4)*
..			Diarrhoeal diseases		663 (312 to 1010)	520 (240 to 839)	−21·7% (−29·6 to −12·0)*	−33·7% (−39·6 to −26·4)*	40 500 (19 500 to 59 500)	28 100 (13 500 to 41 500)	−30·7% (−37·1 to −22·9)*	−36·9% (−42·8 to −29·5)*
2		Air pollution: all causes			4630 (4210 to 5040)	4900 (4420 to 5390)	5·8% (3·0 to 8·8)*	−18·7% (−20·7 to −16·7)*	158 000 (142 000 to 172 000)	147 000 (132 000 to 162 000)	−6·6% (−9·8 to −2·8)*	−23·5% (−26·0 to −20·8)*
3		Particulate matter pollution: all causes			4380 (3960 to 4780)	4580 (4130 to 5030)	4·6% (1·7 to 7·5)*	−19·5% (−21·5 to −17·4)*	154 000 (138 000 to 168 000)	143 000 (129 000 to 156 000)	−7·3% (−10·8 to −3·4)*	−23·9% (−26·6 to −21·1)*
4			Ambient particulate matter pollution: all causes		2420 (2080 to 2760)	2940 (2500 to 3360)	21·6% (16·2 to 26·8)*	−7·8% (−11·7 to −3·8)*	73 600 (63 300 to 83 400)	83 000 (71 400 to 94 300)	12·8% (5·6 to 20·2)*	−9·3% (−15·1 to −3·0)*
..				Lower respiratory infections	420 (337 to 500)	433 (343 to 527)	2·9% (−8·8 to 15·4)	−15·3% (−24·3 to −5·1)*	22 300 (17 700 to 27 200)	18 500 (14 400 to 23 400)	−16·9% (−29·4 to −0·9)*	−24·3% (−35·8 to −9·2)*
..				Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer	205 (143 to 270)	265 (183 to 351)	29·3% (22·0 to 36·3)*	−2·0% (−7·6 to 3·4)	4680 (3280 to 6150)	5860 (4050 to 7730)	25·1% (17·8 to 31·7)*	−3·9% (−9·5 to 1·3)
..				Ischaemic heart disease	780 (671 to 901)	977 (839 to 1120)	25·3% (20·6 to 30·2)*	−5·8% (−9·2 to −2·4)*	17 800 (15 300 to 20 600)	21 900 (18 900 to 25 400)	23·1% (18·4 to 28·3)*	−4·2% (−7·8 to −0·5)*
..				Ischaemic stroke	147 (113 to 183)	184 (140 to 228)	24·6% (18·8 to 30·9)*	−7·8% (−11·4 to −3·8)*	3060 (2360 to 3780)	3950 (3040 to 4870)	28·9% (22·7 to 35·4)*	−2·0% (−6·2 to 2·4)
..				Intracerebral haemorrhage	194 (152 to 238)	226 (176 to 280)	17·0% (11·1 to 23·2)*	−11·3% (−15·2 to −6·9)*	4770 (3800 to 5850)	5520 (4340 to 6840)	15·8% (9·5 to 22·2)*	−9·8% (−14·0 to −5·2)*
..				Subarachnoid haemorrhage	29 (22 to 36)	35 (27 to 44)	22·1% (14·8 to 29·8)*	−5·4% (−10·9 to 0·1)	877 (686 to 1100)	1040 (809 to 1310)	18·8% (12·2 to 25·9)*	−5·0% (−10·3 to 0·2)
..				Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	519 (347 to 679)	633 (416 to 838)	22·1% (13·7 to 29·8)*	−10·5% (−16·5 to −4·8)*	12 800 (8460 to 16 700)	15 700 (10 300 to 20 800)	23·5% (16·1 to 30·7)*	−6·0% (−11·6 to −0·5)*
..				Type 2 diabetes mellitus	122 (82 to 149)	184 (123 to 227)	50·7% (44·8 to 56·0)*	11·1% (6·8 to 15·1)*	7380 (4720 to 9790)	10 500 (6700 to 13 900)	41·9% (35·0 to 48·7)*	10·5% (5·3 to 15·6)*
4			Household air pollution from solid fuels: all causes		1960 (1700 to 2270)	1640 (1400 to 1930)	−16·3% (−20·2 to −11·9)*	−34·2% (−37·3 to −31·0)*	80 100 (68 300 to 92 400)	59 500 (50 800 to 68 900)	−25·8% (−30·2 to −20·9)*	−37·4% (−41·1 to −33·6)*
..				Lower respiratory infections	669 (536 to 797)	459 (367 to 552)	−31·4% (−36·6 to −25·9)*	−40·4% (−44·9 to −35·8)*	43 600 (34 500 to 52 000)	25 900 (20 300 to 31 300)	−40·7% (−46·2 to −35·0)*	−44·9% (−50·1 to −39·6)*
..				Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer	94 (69 to 120)	85 (60 to 113)	−10·0% (−16·4 to −3·7)*	−31·5% (−36·4 to −26·7)*	2280 (1660 to 2890)	1990 (1410 to 2640)	−12·7% (−18·7 to −6·9)*	−32·6% (−37·2 to −28·0)*
..				Ischaemic heart disease	435 (371 to 512)	410 (344 to 490)	−5·8% (−10·1 to −1·5)*	−28·2% (−31·4 to −25·0)*	11 100 (9400 to 13 000)	10 200 (8450 to 12 100)	−8·2% (−12·7 to −3·9)*	−27·9% (−31·4 to −24·5)*
..			Ischaemic stroke		88 (69 to 112)	81 (62 to 104)	−8·2% (−13·0 to −3·3)*	−31·3% (−35·0 to −27·8)*	1980 (1540 to 2470)	1830 (1390 to 2330)	−7·2% (−12·4 to −2·6)*	−29·0% (−32·8 to −25·5)*
..			Intracerebral haemorrhage		156 (123 to 191)	132 (102 to 165)	−15·2% (−19·5 to −10·9)*	−35·3% (−38·5 to −32·1)*	4080 (3210 to 5010)	3440 (2660 to 4310)	−15·5% (−19·9 to −11·2)*	−34·0% (−37·2 to −30·9)*
..			Subarachnoid haemorrhage		20 (16 to 27)	18 (14 to 24)	−9·2% (−15·0 to −2·8)*	−29·0% (−33·6 to −24·2)*	664 (506 to 870)	591 (443 to 777)	−11·0% (−16·5 to −5·1)*	−28·4% (−32·7 to −23·9)*
..			Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease		421 (296 to 548)	362 (248 to 482)	−13·9% (−20·5 to −7·4)*	−36·3% (−41·1 to −31·6)*	10 800 (7740 to 13 900)	9370 (6480 to 12 400)	−13·0% (−19·0 to −7·4)*	−33·5% (−38·1 to −29·3)*
..			Type 2 diabetes mellitus		77 (54 to 92)	92 (63 to 113)	19·6% (12·6 to 27·1)*	−10·6% (−15·8 to −5·1)*	4360 (2900 to 5780)	4750 (3110 to 6190)	9·0% (2·6 to 15·5)*	−14·6% (−19·6 to −9·5)*
..			Cataract		..	..	..	..	1320 (696 to 2010)	1440 (732 to 2250)	9·2% (4·6 to 12·7)*	−17·3% (−20·9 to −14·7)*
3		Ambient ozone pollution: all causes			392 (146 to 638)	472 (177 to 768)	20·4% (15·9 to 24·5)*	−11·6% (−14·8 to −8·6)*	6330 (2370 to 10 300)	7370 (2740 to 12 000)	16·4% (12·0 to 20·6)*	−12·2% (−15·6 to −9·1)*
..			Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease		392 (146 to 638)	472 (177 to 768)	20·4% (15·9 to 24·5)*	−11·6% (−14·8 to −8·6)*	6330 (2370 to 10 300)	7370 (2740 to 12 000)	16·4% (12·0 to 20·6)*	−12·2% (−15·6 to −9·1)*
2		Other environmental risks: all causes			929 (646 to 1240)	1140 (794 to 1530)	23·0% (19·2 to 26·6)*	−7·9% (−10·4 to −5·3)*	23 500 (16 500 to 30 600)	26 400 (18 400 to 34 800)	12·3% (8·9 to 15·6)*	−12·0% (−14·4 to −10·1)*
3		Residential radon: all causes			68 (38 to 107)	88 (50 to 139)	28·1% (21·4 to 34·9)*	−2·9% (−6·9 to 1·0)	1570 (859 to 2420)	1930 (1080 to 3020)	23·3% (16·1 to 30·2)*	−5·2% (−9·3 to −1·0)*
..			Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer		68 (38 to 107)	88 (50 to 139)	28·1% (21·4 to 34·9)*	−2·9% (−6·9 to 1·0)	1570 (859 to 2420)	1930 (1080 to 3020)	23·3% (16·1 to 30·2)*	−5·2% (−9·3 to −1·0)*
3		Lead exposure: all causes			860 (586 to 1160)	1050 (709 to 1430)	22·6% (18·7 to 26·4)*	−8·3% (−10·8 to −5·7)*	21 900 (15 200 to 28 900)	24 400 (16 700 to 32 800)	11·5% (7·8 to 14·8)*	−12·5% (−15·0 to −10·5)*
..			Rheumatic heart disease		8 (5 to 15)	8 (4 to 14)	−2·9% (−12·8 to 6·5)	−25·0% (−31·6 to −18·8)*	255 (145 to 430)	219 (120 to 368)	−14·2% (−23·1 to −5·5)*	−31·1% (−38·1 to −25·4)*
..			Ischaemic heart disease		391 (256 to 547)	488 (317 to 685)	24·6% (20·7 to 28·4)*	−6·9% (−9·1 to −4·6)*	8350 (5480 to 11 500)	9600 (6210 to 13 300)	15·0% (11·6 to 18·1)*	−11·5% (−13·9 to −9·5)*
..			Ischaemic stroke		110 (69 to 159)	139 (87 to 200)	25·8% (21·1 to 31·5)*	−6·7% (−9·7 to −3·3)*	2380 (1510 to 3340)	3000 (1920 to 4220)	26·2% (21·7 to 30·6)*	−4·2% (−7·4 to −1·0)*
..			Intracerebral haemorrhage		191 (125 to 270)	205 (132 to 292)	7·0% (2·4 to 10·9)*	−19·4% (−22·5 to −16·8)*	4420 (2920 to 6090)	4470 (2850 to 6300)	1·0% (−4·0 to 5·0)	−22·2% (−26·0 to −19·2)*
..			Subarachnoid haemorrhage		23 (14 to 33)	26 (16 to 38)	14·8% (6·1 to 25·2)*	−12·0% (−18·4 to −4·4)*	655 (387 to 964)	693 (409 to 1040)	5·9% (−1·6 to 14·5)	−16·8% (−22·9 to −10·5)*
..			Hypertensive heart disease		66 (25 to 137)	98 (33 to 213)	48·0% (22·7 to 63·0)*	9·2% (−8·9 to 19·8)	1310 (620 to 2560)	1710 (725 to 3480)	31·0% (12·4 to 45·5)*	0·2% (−14·0 to 10·2)
..			Non-rheumatic calcific aortic valve disease		2 (1 to 3)	2 (1 to 4)	30·7% (22·7 to 37·8)*	−5·4% (−10·2 to −1·8)*	28 (16 to 45)	34 (18 to 54)	20·3% (12·8 to 26·9)*	−8·8% (−14·1 to −4·7)*
..			Other cardiomyopathy		5 (3 to 7)	6 (3 to 9)	22·2% (14·6 to 28·8)*	−8·2% (−13·4 to −3·7)*	111 (61 to 176)	126 (68 to 201)	12·8% (4·9 to 19·9)*	−11·8% (−18·1 to −6·7)*
..			Atrial fibrillation and flutter		5 (3 to 8)	8 (5 to 11)	48·1% (43·4 to 53·0)*	5·2% (2·6 to 8·3)*	150 (91 to 218)	193 (118 to 283)	29·0% (25·3 to 32·5)*	−2·9% (−5·2 to −0·8)*
..			Aortic aneurysm		4 (2 to 5)	4 (3 to 6)	19·3% (13·7 to 24·8)*	−10·3% (−14·2 to −6·6)*	75 (44 to 113)	84 (48 to 127)	12·5% (6·8 to 17·9)*	−13·5% (−18·0 to −9·4)*
..			Peripheral vascular disease		1 (0 to 1)	1 (0 to 2)	54·1% (30·4 to 74·7)*	10·5% (−6·0 to 25·2)	19 (9 to 32)	25 (12 to 43)	31·2% (21·0 to 42·9)*	−1·6% (−9·1 to 6·8)
..			Endocarditis		1 (1 to 2)	2 (1 to 3)	30·2% (19·4 to 36·6)*	−1·4% (−8·7 to 2·6)	36 (19 to 59)	42 (22 to 67)	17·1% (5·9 to 24·4)*	−7·4% (−16·0 to −2·3)*
..			Other cardiovascular and circulatory diseases		11 (7 to 16)	13 (8 to 18)	19·1% (12·3 to 24·1)*	−9·7% (−14·6 to −6·3)*	347 (208 to 528)	383 (227 to 580)	10·2% (4·1 to 14·3)*	−13·9% (−19·1 to −10·8)*
..			Idiopathic developmental intellectual disability		..	..	..	..	2670 (1070 to 4880)	2540 (1000 to 4700)	−4·8% (−9·1 to −2·7)*	−13·6% (−17·1 to −11·7)*
..			Chronic kidney disease due to type 1 diabetes mellitus		3 (1 to 4)	3 (2 to 5)	11·2% (3·8 to 17·6)*	−12·6% (−18·6 to −8·0)*	90 (48 to 150)	93 (47 to 159)	2·8% (−5·5 to 9·8)	−17·6% (−24·1 to −12·5)*
..			Chronic kidney disease due to type 2 diabetes mellitus		13 (8 to 20)	18 (10 to 27)	34·6% (27·8 to 39·0)*	0·4% (−4·5 to 3·2)	303 (179 to 458)	380 (218 to 578)	25·4% (19·4 to 29·6)*	−4·9% (−9·2 to −1·8)*
..			Chronic kidney disease due to hypertension		12 (7 to 19)	17 (10 to 26)	38·2% (31·8 to 41·9)*	1·4% (−3·2 to 3·9)	255 (148 to 382)	320 (187 to 485)	25·6% (19·9 to 29·3)*	−4·4% (−8·6 to −1·6)*
..			Chronic kidney disease due to glomerulonephritis		6 (3 to 9)	7 (4 to 12)	25·9% (20·3 to 30·2)*	−4·3% (−8·2 to −1·6)*	160 (86 to 260)	177 (93 to 294)	10·7% (5·0 to 15·2)*	−12·6% (−17·2 to −9·1)*
..			Chronic kidney disease due to other and unspecified causes		9 (5 to 13)	11 (6 to 17)	27·7% (22·2 to 32·1)*	−3·3% (−7·3 to −0·6)*	286 (161 to 454)	327 (183 to 526)	14·2% (9·1 to 18·3)*	−11·0% (−15·0 to −8·0)*
2		Occupational risks: all causes			1090 (995 to 1190)	1160 (1050 to 1280)	6·5% (3·5 to 9·4)*	−16·6% (−18·7 to −14·7)*	59 800 (52 300 to 68 100)	63 700 (54 900 to 73 200)	6·7% (4·1 to 9·3)*	−11·6% (−13·7 to −9·4)*
3		Occupational carcinogens: all causes			271 (220 to 322)	334 (271 to 397)	23·3% (19·1 to 27·1)*	−7·4% (−10·5 to −4·5)*	5600 (4560 to 6710)	6750 (5490 to 8120)	20·6% (16·5 to 24·5)*	−8·0% (−11·3 to −5·0)*
4			Occupational exposure to asbestos: all causes		194 (148 to 243)	232 (177 to 289)	19·6% (14·6 to 23·6)*	−10·5% (−14·2 to −7·5)*	3410 (2570 to 4310)	3930 (2980 to 4950)	15·3% (9·9 to 19·8)*	−12·7% (−16·7 to −9·4)*
..				Larynx cancer	3 (2 to 5)	4 (2 to 6)	20·9% (13·4 to 27·0)*	−9·6% (−15·0 to −5·2)*	63 (35 to 95)	74 (41 to 112)	17·1% (9·4 to 23·1)*	−11·6% (−17·3 to −7·0)*
..				Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer	161 (115 to 208)	191 (137 to 247)	18·5% (13·5 to 22·6)*	−11·3% (−15·0 to −8·3)*	2740 (1910 to 3590)	3120 (2180 to 4110)	14·0% (8·7 to 18·4)*	−13·8% (−17·8 to −10·6)*
..				Ovarian cancer	5 (3 to 8)	6 (3 to 10)	17·4% (9·6 to 24·2)*	−14·0% (−19·6 to −9·1)*	88 (44 to 138)	100 (49 to 156)	14·3% (6·4 to 21·4)*	−14·3% (−20·1 to −9·2)*
..				Mesothelioma	22 (21 to 23)	27 (27 to 28)	27·7% (20·5 to 33·7)*	−3·6% (−8·8 to 0·7)	464 (434 to 512)	569 (542 to 598)	22·4% (14·5 to 29·4)*	−6·0% (−11·7 to −1·0)*
..				Asbestosis	3 (2 to 3)	3 (2 to 4)	23·3% (15·2 to 33·9)*	−8·3% (−14·1 to −0·4)*	58 (41 to 70)	69 (52 to 81)	19·2% (11·8 to 30·4)*	−8·5% (−14·1 to 0·3)
4			Occupational exposure to arsenic: all causes		7 (1 to 12)	9 (2 to 16)	33·8% (27·3 to 55·2)*	1·9% (−3·0 to 18·6)	189 (43 to 346)	245 (65 to 436)	29·5% (23·2 to 49·0)*	−0·6% (−5·5 to 15·1)
..				Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer	7 (1 to 12)	9 (2 to 16)	33·8% (27·3 to 55·2)*	1·9% (−3·0 to 18·6)	189 (43 to 346)	245 (65 to 436)	29·5% (23·2 to 49·0)*	−0·6% (−5·5 to 15·1)
4			Occupational exposure to benzene: all causes		2 (1 to 3)	2 (1 to 3)	18·6% (13·0 to 24·6)*	0·3% (−5·1 to 6·1)	73 (23 to 120)	84 (26 to 137)	15·4% (10·1 to 21·2)*	−0·2% (−5·2 to 5·2)
..				Leukaemia	2 (1 to 3)	2 (1 to 3)	18·6% (13·0 to 24·6)*	0·3% (−5·1 to 6·1)	73 (23 to 120)	84 (26 to 137)	15·4% (10·1 to 21·2)*	−0·2% (−5·2 to 5·2)
..				Acute lymphoid leukaemia	0 (0 to 0)	0 (0 to 1)	29·4% (17·7 to 39·6)*	12·2% (2·1 to 21·3)*	14 (4 to 23)	18 (5 to 29)	26·3% (15·0 to 36·0)*	11·4% (1·4 to 20·1)*
..				Chronic lymphoid leukaemia	0 (0 to 0)	0 (0 to 0)	27·9% (16·8 to 45·2)*	2·0% (−7·4 to 17·1)	3 (1 to 4)	4 (1 to 6)	31·4% (19·4 to 48·4)*	7·3% (−3·4 to 23·2)
..				Acute myeloid leukaemia	0 (0 to 1)	1 (0 to 1)	29·2% (20·2 to 39·2)*	8·6% (0·4 to 17·8)*	20 (7 to 33)	25 (8 to 41)	25·8% (16·6 to 35·6)*	8·2% (−0·3 to 17·2)
..				Chronic myeloid leukaemia	0 (0 to 0)	0 (0 to 0)	7·0% (−1·1 to 15·2)	−9·6% (−16·8 to −2·3)*	6 (2 to 10)	7 (2 to 11)	5·6% (−2·4 to 13·7)	−9·0% (−16·3 to −1·9)*
..				Other leukaemia	1 (0 to 1)	1 (0 to 1)	8·2% (3·0 to 14·7)*	−8·4% (−13·1 to −2·8)*	30 (9 to 49)	31 (10 to 52)	4·1% (−1·0 to 10·4)	−9·9% (−14·6 to −4·3)*
4			Occupational exposure to beryllium: all causes		0 (0 to 0)	0 (0 to 0)	45·4% (38·9 to 52·2)*	11·0% (6·5 to 15·6)*	5 (5 to 6)	8 (6 to 9)	40·1% (33·4 to 47·3)*	8·0% (3·5 to 12·8)*
..				Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer	0 (0 to 0)	0 (0 to 0)	45·4% (38·9 to 52·2)*	11·0% (6·5 to 15·6)*	5 (5 to 6)	8 (6 to 9)	40·1% (33·4 to 47·3)*	8·0% (3·5 to 12·8)*
4			Occupational exposure to cadmium: all causes		0 (0 to 1)	1 (1 to 1)	47·7% (40·1 to 56·0)*	12·7% (7·2 to 18·7)*	13 (11 to 15)	18 (15 to 22)	42·4% (34·6 to 50·8)*	9·7% (4·3 to 15·6)*
..				Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer	0 (0 to 1)	1 (1 to 1)	47·7% (40·1 to 56·0)*	12·7% (7·2 to 18·7)*	13 (11 to 15)	18 (15 to 22)	42·4% (34·6 to 50·8)*	9·7% (4·3 to 15·6)*
4		Occupational exposure to chromium: all causes			1 (1 to 1)	1 (1 to 2)	49·3% (42·0 to 56·6)*	14·0% (9·0 to 19·3)*	27 (24 to 30)	38 (34 to 43)	44·1% (36·8 to 51·2)*	11·0% (6·0 to 16·3)*
..		Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer			1 (1 to 1)	1 (1 to 2)	49·3% (42·0 to 56·6)*	14·0% (9·0 to 19·3)*	27 (24 to 30)	38 (34 to 43)	44·1% (36·8 to 51·2)*	11·0% (6·0 to 16·3)*
4		Occupational exposure to diesel engine exhaust: all causes			12 (11 to 13)	18 (16 to 20)	48·9% (41·6 to 55·4)*	13·5% (8·5 to 18·1)*	344 (304 to 386)	494 (434 to 559)	43·9% (36·8 to 50·5)*	10·8% (5·7 to 15·3)*
..		Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer			12 (11 to 13)	18 (16 to 20)	48·9% (41·6 to 55·4)*	13·5% (8·5 to 18·1)*	344 (304 to 386)	494 (434 to 559)	43·9% (36·8 to 50·5)*	10·8% (5·7 to 15·3)*
4		Occupational exposure to formaldehyde: all causes			1 (1 to 1)	1 (1 to 1)	20·6% (13·4 to 28·5)*	1·3% (−3·7 to 7·1)	40 (33 to 48)	46 (38 to 56)	16·1% (9·4 to 23·6)*	−0·3% (−5·4 to 5·4)
..		Nasopharynx cancer			0 (0 to 1)	0 (0 to 1)	23·9% (10·4 to 39·0)*	2·1% (−7·0 to 11·9)	15 (10 to 21)	18 (12 to 25)	18·8% (5·4 to 34·1)*	−0·1% (−9·3 to 10·1)
..		Acute lymphoid leukaemia			0 (0 to 0)	0 (0 to 0)	31·7% (21·7 to 40·9)*	14·4% (6·1 to 22·0)*	5 (4 to 6)	6 (5 to 8)	27·8% (18·3 to 36·9)*	12·9% (4·6 to 20·5)*
..		Chronic lymphoid leukaemia			0 (0 to 0)	0 (0 to 0)	41·3% (32·6 to 51·4)*	14·5% (7·3 to 22·2)*	1 (1 to 1)	1 (1 to 1)	45·0% (34·0 to 57·3)*	20·6% (11·8 to 30·2)*
..				Acute myeloid leukaemia	0 (0 to 0)	0 (0 to 0)	32·0% (24·7 to 38·4)*	12·0% (5·9 to 17·3)*	6 (5 to 7)	8 (6 to 9)	27·8% (20·3 to 34·2)*	10·7% (4·3 to 16·3)*
..				Chronic myeloid leukaemia	0 (0 to 0)	0 (0 to 0)	7·9% (2·7 to 13·8)*	−8·3% (−12·8 to −3·4)*	2 (2 to 2)	2 (2 to 3)	5·6% (0·2 to 11·7)*	−8·7% (−13·6 to −3·5)*
..				Other leukaemia	0 (0 to 0)	0 (0 to 0)	5·9% (−1·3 to 15·0)	−10·0% (−15·6 to −2·6)*	11 (9 to 14)	11 (9 to 14)	1·3% (−5·8 to 10·1)	−12·0% (−17·9 to −4·7)*
4			Occupational exposure to nickel: all causes		7 (1 to 18)	9 (1 to 23)	33·9% (25·4 to 55·2)*	2·0% (−4·5 to 18·6)	184 (26 to 493)	238 (36 to 607)	29·5% (21·2 to 49·1)*	−0·5% (−6·9 to 15·0)
..				Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer	7 (1 to 18)	9 (1 to 23)	33·9% (25·4 to 55·2)*	2·0% (−4·5 to 18·6)	184 (26 to 493)	238 (36 to 607)	29·5% (21·2 to 49·1)*	−0·5% (−6·9 to 15·0)
4			Occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: all causes		3 (3 to 4)	5 (4 to 6)	48·9% (41·4 to 56·4)*	13·7% (8·4 to 19·0)*	94 (80 to 107)	134 (114 to 156)	43·7% (36·4 to 51·2)*	10·8% (5·8 to 16·0)*
..				Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer	3 (3 to 4)	5 (4 to 6)	48·9% (41·4 to 56·4)*	13·7% (8·4 to 19·0)*	94 (80 to 107)	134 (114 to 156)	43·7% (36·4 to 51·2)*	10·8% (5·8 to 16·0)*
4			Occupational exposure to silica: all causes		47 (27 to 69)	60 (34 to 88)	27·2% (20·5 to 33·7)*	−3·5% (−8·7 to 1·5)	1280 (702 to 1880)	1590 (870 to 2330)	24·6% (18·4 to 31·4)*	−4·2% (−9·0 to 1·3)
..				Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer	37 (17 to 58)	49 (22 to 77)	31·2% (24·3 to 41·4)*	0·0% (−5·3 to 7·9)	1050 (470 to 1630)	1330 (595 to 2080)	27·1% (20·2 to 36·5)*	−2·4% (−7·7 to 5·1)
..				Silicosis	10 (9 to 12)	11 (10 to 12)	12·0% (1·2 to 22·8)*	−15·5% (−23·6 to −7·4)*	230 (205 to 266)	261 (233 to 286)	13·2% (1·2 to 24·1)*	−12·3% (−21·6 to −3·9)*
4			Occupational exposure to sulphuric acid: all causes		3 (1 to 6)	4 (2 to 7)	25·5% (19·2 to 32·4)*	−3·8% (−8·7 to 1·5)	101 (43 to 182)	124 (53 to 224)	22·5% (16·1 to 29·5)*	−4·9% (−10·0 to 0·4)
..				Larynx cancer	3 (1 to 6)	4 (2 to 7)	25·5% (19·2 to 32·4)*	−3·8% (−8·7 to 1·5)	101 (43 to 182)	124 (53 to 224)	22·5% (16·1 to 29·5)*	−4·9% (−10·0 to 0·4)
4			Occupational exposure to trichloroethylene: all causes		0 (0 to 0)	0 (0 to 0)	51·9% (46·4 to 59·7)*	16·6% (12·4 to 22·5)*	1 (0 to 2)	2 (0 to 3)	48·8% (43·2 to 56·4)*	15·7% (11·4 to 21·7)*
..				Kidney cancer	0 (0 to 0)	0 (0 to 0)	51·9% (46·4 to 59·7)*	16·6% (12·4 to 22·5)*	1 (0 to 2)	2 (0 to 3)	48·8% (43·2 to 56·4)*	15·7% (11·4 to 21·7)*
3		Occupational asthmagens: all causes			38 (21 to 52)	34 (22 to 47)	−9·4% (−16·1 to 0·5)	−28·8% (−34·5 to −20·6)*	1930 (1460 to 2430)	1910 (1500 to 2410)	−1·2% (−6·9 to 6·9)	−18·6% (−23·9 to −11·3)*
..			Asthma		38 (21 to 52)	34 (22 to 47)	−9·4% (−16·1 to 0·5)	−28·8% (−34·5 to −20·6)*	1930 (1460 to 2430)	1910 (1500 to 2410)	−1·2% (−6·9 to 6·9)	−18·6% (−23·9 to −11·3)*
3		Occupational particulate matter, gases, and fumes: all causes			432 (354 to 510)	488 (397 to 584)	13·0% (9·2 to 17·0)*	−16·2% (−18·7 to −13·5)*	10 500 (9050 to 12 100)	12 100 (10 200 to 13 900)	14·4% (11·1 to 17·8)*	−12·8% (−15·2 to −10·5)*
..			Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease		425 (347 to 503)	481 (391 to 577)	13·1% (9·3 to 17·2)*	−16·1% (−18·7 to −13·4)*	10 400 (8870 to 11 900)	11 900 (10 100 to 13 700)	14·6% (11·2 to 18·0)*	−12·7% (−15·1 to −10·4)*
..			Coal worker pneumoconiosis		3 (3 to 4)	3 (3 to 4)	−2·2% (−12·0 to 11·7)	−26·6% (−33·8 to −16·7)*	81 (65 to 99)	81 (69 to 100)	0·1% (−8·8 to 12·9)	−23·0% (−29·8 to −13·3)*
..			Other pneumoconiosis		3 (3 to 4)	4 (3 to 4)	8·8% (0·0 to 25·4)*	−17·5% (−24·1 to −5·0)*	90 (74 to 110)	97 (82 to 117)	7·6% (0·6 to 20·4)*	−15·9% (−21·4 to −5·5)*
3		Occupational noise: all causes			..	..	..	..	4830 (3300 to 6830)	5980 (4080 to 8430)	23·7% (22·4 to 25·0)*	0·7% (−0·2 to 1·6)
..			Age-related and other hearing loss		..	..	..	..	4830 (3300 to 6830)	5980 (4080 to 8430)	23·7% (22·4 to 25·0)*	0·7% (−0·2 to 1·6)
3		Occupational injuries: all causes			348 (327 to 370)	304 (288 to 323)	−12·8% (−17·3 to −7·8)*	−24·5% (−28·4 to −20·1)*	22 700 (20 800 to 24 800)	21 100 (19 200 to 23 500)	−7·0% (−11·8 to −1·4)*	−18·4% (−22·7 to −13·5)*
..		Pedestrian road injuries			71 (64 to 81)	58 (53 to 66)	−18·1% (−24·3 to −11·2)*	−29·6% (−35·0 to −23·7)*	3840 (3460 to 4350)	3190 (2880 to 3600)	−16·8% (−23·0 to −10·0)*	−27·2% (−32·6 to −21·3)*
..		Cyclist road injuries			10 (9 to 12)	10 (8 to 11)	−8·4% (−17·8 to 2·2)	−21·8% (−29·8 to −12·6)*	709 (600 to 821)	705 (588 to 832)	−0·6% (−9·2 to 8·1)	−13·9% (−21·4 to −6·1)*
..		Motorcyclist road injuries			45 (39 to 50)	39 (34 to 43)	−13·8% (−21·5 to −5·8)*	−23·7% (−30·5 to −16·7)*	2790 (2460 to 3110)	2470 (2190 to 2740)	−11·6% (−18·6 to −4·4)*	−21·4% (−27·4 to −14·8)*
..		Motor vehicle road injuries			68 (62 to 76)	62 (58 to 68)	−9·0% (−13·3 to −3·9)*	−20·0% (−23·9 to −15·5)*	3860 (3540 to 4220)	3540 (3310 to 3860)	−8·1% (−12·4 to −3·4)*	−18·3% (−22·1 to −14·1)*
..		Other road injuries			2 (1 to 2)	2 (1 to 2)	−17·5% (−24·5 to 1·9)	−28·6% (−34·6 to −12·0)*	162 (133 to 196)	170 (136 to 211)	4·9% (−3·9 to 17·0)	−8·7% (−16·3 to 1·4)
..		Other transport injuries			17 (15 to 20)	15 (13 to 18)	−13·5% (−20·0 to −6·8)*	−24·5% (−30·2 to −18·6)*	1300 (1130 to 1500)	1200 (1020 to 1400)	−7·4% (−13·8 to −1·1)*	−18·4% (−24·2 to −12·8)*
..		Falls			37 (32 to 41)	36 (32 to 39)	−3·0% (−10·7 to 6·6)	−19·0% (−25·5 to −11·0)*	3390 (2850 to 4090)	3700 (3030 to 4540)	9·1% (2·6 to 16·4)*	−6·6% (−12·2 to −0·5)*
..		Drowning			26 (25 to 28)	23 (21 to 24)	−13·9% (−19·3 to −8·1)*	−24·5% (−29·3 to −19·4)*	1380 (1290 to 1480)	1170 (1090 to 1260)	−15·3% (−20·6 to −9·6)*	−24·2% (−29·0 to −19·1)*
..		Fire, heat, and hot substances			10 (8 to 11)	8 (7 to 9)	−14·2% (−18·6 to −5·3)*	−26·3% (−30·0 to −18·4)*	898 (753 to 1060)	878 (719 to 1070)	−2·1% (−7·5 to 4·2)	−14·2% (−18·9 to −8·7)*
..		Poisoning by carbon monoxide			5 (4 to 5)	4 (3 to 4)	−14·8% (−23·9 to −4·5)*	−27·0% (−34·9 to −18·3)*	230 (182 to 257)	197 (147 to 223)	−14·3% (−22·8 to −4·4)*	−25·2% (−32·6 to −16·6)*
..		Poisoning by other means			4 (3 to 5)	4 (3 to 4)	−6·3% (−16·3 to 5·4)	−19·4% (−28·0 to −9·4)*	234 (183 to 265)	230 (174 to 266)	−1·6% (−9·8 to 9·1)	−13·6% (−20·8 to −4·3)*
..		Unintentional firearm injuries			4 (3 to 4)	3 (3 to 4)	−10·3% (−16·0 to −4·2)*	−20·9% (−25·7 to −15·5)*	237 (210 to 270)	224 (199 to 256)	−5·3% (−10·7 to 0·6)	−15·7% (−20·5 to −10·5)*
..		Other exposure to mechanical forces			18 (15 to 19)	15 (13 to 16)	−17·5% (−23·3 to −11·0)*	−28·8% (−33·7 to −23·2)*	1420 (1220 to 1660)	1390 (1160 to 1690)	−2·0% (−9·0 to 5·4)	−14·8% (−20·7 to −8·4)*
..		Venomous animal contact			7 (4 to 8)	6 (3 to 7)	−19·2% (−29·8 to −5·9)*	−30·6% (−39·7 to −19·1)*	430 (269 to 524)	368 (245 to 440)	−14·3% (−25·0 to −2·1)*	−24·6% (−34·0 to −14·0)*
..		Non-venomous animal contact			1 (1 to 1)	1 (1 to 1)	−9·7% (−18·5 to 1·3)	−23·1% (−30·6 to −13·5)*	93 (69 to 125)	90 (68 to 121)	−3·4% (−11·0 to 3·5)	−16·0% (−22·6 to −10·0)*
..			Pulmonary aspiration and foreign body in airway		5 (5 to 5)	5 (5 to 6)	3·5% (−0·6 to 7·2)	−12·2% (−15·7 to −9·2)*	254 (241 to 271)	263 (247 to 281)	3·5% (−0·5 to 7·5)	−10·2% (−13·6 to −6·8)*
..			Foreign body in other body part		1 (1 to 1)	1 (1 to 1)	−2·1% (−8·5 to 4·0)	−15·4% (−20·8 to −10·2)*	109 (85 to 135)	120 (92 to 150)	10·9% (5·1 to 16·5)*	−3·4% (−8·4 to 1·5)
..			Other unintentional injuries		18 (17 to 20)	14 (13 to 16)	−23·3% (−29·2 to −16·8)*	−32·9% (−38·0 to −27·1)*	1360 (1200 to 1550)	1200 (1030 to 1430)	−11·9% (−18·4 to −5·0)*	−22·7% (−28·2 to −16·8)*
3		Occupational ergonomic factors: all causes			..	..	..	..	14 200 (10 000 to 19 400)	15 900 (11 200 to 21 800)	12·5% (10·6 to 14·5)*	−5·0% (−6·3 to −3·6)*
..			Low back pain		..	..	..	..	14 200 (10 000 to 19 400)	15 900 (11 200 to 21 800)	12·5% (10·6 to 14·5)*	−5·0% (−6·3 to −3·6)*
1		Behavioural risks: all causes			23 200 (22 600 to 23 800)	23 800 (23 100 to 24 600)	2·7% (1·2 to 4·1)*	−18·7% (−19·9 to −17·7)*	1 020 000 (970 000 to 1 060 000)	913 000 (863 000 to 961 000)	−10·1% (−11·9 to −8·4)*	−23·1% (−24·6 to −21·6)*
2		Child and maternal malnutrition: all causes			4650 (4450 to 4880)	3190 (3020 to 3360)	−31·4% (−34·4 to −28·6)*	−34·2% (−37·1 to −31·5)*	455 000 (430 000 to 482 000)	327 000 (303 000 to 352 000)	−28·2% (−31·2 to −25·3)*	−31·5% (−34·3 to −28·8)*
3		Suboptimal breastfeeding: all causes			270 (200 to 338)	169 (132 to 210)	−37·1% (−42·4 to −30·9)*	−39·4% (−44·4 to −33·4)*	23 800 (17 700 to 29 900)	15 000 (11 700 to 18 600)	−36·8% (−42·0 to −30·6)*	−39·0% (−44·1 to −33·1)*
4			Non-exclusive breastfeeding: all causes		256 (191 to 324)	161 (124 to 201)	−37·1% (−42·4 to −30·8)*	−39·3% (−44·4 to −33·2)*	22 600 (16 800 to 28 500)	14 200 (11 000 to 17 800)	−36·9% (−42·1 to −30·6)*	−39·0% (−44·1 to −33·0)*
..				Lower respiratory infections	97 (52 to 150)	60 (34 to 91)	−38·1% (−43·0 to −30·8)*	−40·2% (−44·9 to −33·1)*	8530 (4530 to 13 100)	5280 (2940 to 7960)	−38·1% (−43·0 to −30·8)*	−40·2% (−44·9 to −33·1)*
..				Diarrhoeal diseases	159 (118 to 199)	101 (77 to 127)	−36·5% (−44·0 to −28·1)*	−38·7% (−45·9 to −30·6)*	14 000 (10 500 to 17 600)	8970 (6850 to 11 300)	−36·1% (−43·5 to −27·8)*	−38·4% (−45·5 to −30·3)*
4			Discontinued breastfeeding: all causes		16 (5 to 28)	10 (4 to 18)	−36·7% (−46·5 to −25·2)*	−39·9% (−49·2 to −28·9)*	1420 (488 to 2550)	931 (322 to 1630)	−34·7% (−44·2 to −23·1)*	−37·9% (−47·0 to −26·9)*
..				Diarrhoeal diseases	16 (5 to 28)	10 (4 to 18)	−36·7% (−46·5 to −25·2)*	−39·9% (−49·2 to −28·9)*	1420 (488 to 2550)	931 (322 to 1630)	−34·7% (−44·2 to −23·1)*	−37·9% (−47·0 to −26·9)*
3		Child growth failure: all causes			1980 (1800 to 2170)	1190 (1060 to 1300)	−40·1% (−43·9 to −36·0)*	−43·6% (−47·2 to −39·8)*	170 000 (155 000 to 186 000)	100 000 (89 800 to 110 000)	−40·9% (−44·7 to −37·0)*	−43·8% (−47·5 to −40·1)*
4			Child underweight: all causes		710 (606 to 853)	417 (365 to 498)	−41·3% (−45·7 to −36·1)*	−46·2% (−50·1 to −41·6)*	58 700 (49 700 to 71 300)	32 400 (28 000 to 39 500)	−44·7% (−48·9 to −40·0)*	−47·9% (−51·8 to −43·5)*
..				Lower respiratory infections	181 (121 to 310)	93 (61 to 169)	−48·8% (−53·5 to −44·1)*	−51·2% (−55·6 to −46·6)*	15 700 (10 500 to 26 900)	8050 (5270 to 14 700)	−48·8% (−53·4 to −44·1)*	−51·1% (−55·6 to −46·6)*
..				Diarrhoeal diseases	139 (113 to 177)	66 (52 to 83)	−53·0% (−59·3 to −45·6)*	−55·3% (−61·3 to −48·2)*	12 300 (10 000 to 15 600)	5860 (4670 to 7430)	−52·4% (−58·7 to −45·2)*	−54·7% (−60·7 to −47·8)*
..				Measles	76 (16 to 199)	27 (5 to 75)	−64·9% (−72·1 to −59·0)*	−66·8% (−73·6 to −61·2)*	6560 (1400 to 17 200)	2300 (437 to 6480)	−65·0% (−72·1 to −59·0)*	−66·8% (−73·6 to −61·2)*
..				Protein-energy malnutrition	313 (288 to 339)	232 (212 to 254)	−26·1% (−31·7 to −18·0)*	−34·6% (−39·4 to −27·5)*	24 100 (21 800 to 26 400)	16 200 (14 500 to 18 000)	−32·6% (−38·3 to −24·7)*	−37·2% (−42·5 to −29·7)*
4			Child wasting: all causes		1770 (1480 to 2020)	1080 (891 to 1220)	−39·1% (−43·1 to −35·0)*	−42·8% (−46·6 to −38·9)*	152 000 (127 000 to 173 000)	91 000 (75 400 to 104 000)	−40·1% (−44·2 to −36·0)*	−43·1% (−47·1 to −39·2)*
..				Lower respiratory infections	700 (481 to 841)	426 (281 to 523)	−39·2% (−44·2 to −34·6)*	−41·9% (−46·7 to −37·5)*	60 900 (41 800 to 73 100)	37 000 (24 500 to 45 500)	−39·1% (−44·1 to −34·5)*	−41·8% (−46·6 to −37·4)*
..				Diarrhoeal diseases	680 (534 to 788)	389 (288 to 452)	−42·8% (−50·5 to −33·8)*	−45·5% (−52·9 to −36·9)*	60 300 (47 200 to 69 700)	35 100 (26 000 to 40 800)	−41·8% (−49·6 to −33·1)*	−44·6% (−52·0 to −36·3)*
..				Measles	76 (11 to 246)	30 (4 to 108)	−60·2% (−68·0 to −53·9)*	−62·3% (−69·6 to −56·4)*	6610 (942 to 21 400)	2630 (322 to 9370)	−60·2% (−68·0 to −53·9)*	−62·2% (−69·6 to −56·4)*
..				Protein-energy malnutrition	313 (288 to 339)	232 (212 to 254)	−26·1% (−31·7 to −18·0)*	−34·6% (−39·4 to −27·5)*	24 100 (21 800 to 26 400)	16 200 (14 500 to 18 000)	−32·6% (−38·3 to −24·7)*	−37·2% (−42·5 to −29·7)*
4			Child stunting: all causes		458 (237 to 754)	221 (103 to 395)	−51·8% (−57·8 to −46·0)*	−54·2% (−59·9 to −48·5)*	40 000 (20 700 to 65 700)	19 400 (9070 to 34 600)	−51·5% (−57·3 to −45·8)*	−53·9% (−59·5 to −48·3)*
..				Lower respiratory infections	229 (30 to 505)	119 (13 to 285)	−48·0% (−58·0 to −42·3)*	−50·4% (−59·9 to −44·9)*	19 900 (2600 to 43 900)	10 300 (1120 to 24 800)	−47·9% (−57·9 to −42·2)*	−50·3% (−59·9 to −44·8)*
..				Diarrhoeal diseases	174 (69 to 303)	81 (30 to 149)	−53·3% (−61·1 to −44·7)*	−55·5% (−63·0 to −47·4)*	15 400 (6100 to 26 700)	7310 (2720 to 13 400)	−52·5% (−60·3 to −44·2)*	−54·8% (−62·3 to −46·9)*
..				Measles	56 (6 to 158)	20 (2 to 61)	−63·5% (−72·0 to −57·8)*	−65·4% (−73·5 to −60·1)*	4810 (513 to 13 700)	1760 (168 to 5310)	−63·5% (−72·0 to −57·8)*	−65·4% (−73·5 to −60·1)*
3		Low birthweight and short gestation: all causes			2490 (2400 to 2570)	1880 (1790 to 1970)	−24·4% (−27·4 to −21·2)*	−26·4% (−29·4 to −23·3)*	229 000 (221 000 to 237 000)	178 000 (169 000 to 187 000)	−22·1% (−25·3 to −18·7)*	−24·7% (−27·6 to −21·5)*
4			Short gestation for birthweight: all causes		1890 (1820 to 1970)	1430 (1360 to 1510)	−24·2% (−27·4 to −21·0)*	−26·3% (−29·4 to −23·1)*	176 000 (170 000 to 184 000)	139 000 (131 000 to 147 000)	−21·3% (−24·4 to −17·6)*	−24·0% (−27·0 to −20·6)*
..				Lower respiratory infections	186 (172 to 200)	129 (117 to 142)	−30·7% (−36·5 to −23·8)*	−32·6% (−38·3 to −25·9)*	16 300 (15 100 to 17 600)	11 300 (10 300 to 12 400)	−30·7% (−36·5 to −23·8)*	−32·6% (−38·3 to −25·9)*
..				Upper respiratory infections	0 (0 to 0)	0 (0 to 0)	−38·4% (−48·3 to −21·7)*	−40·2% (−49·8 to −23·9)*	10 (5 to 13)	6 (4 to 9)	−38·4% (−48·3 to −21·7)*	−40·2% (−49·8 to −23·9)*
..				Otitis media	0 (0 to 0)	0 (0 to 0)	−51·6% (−70·5 to −22·3)*	−53·0% (−71·3 to −24·5)*	3 (1 to 11)	2 (1 to 6)	−51·6% (−70·5 to −22·3)*	−53·0% (−71·3 to −24·5)*
..				Diarrhoeal diseases	48 (43 to 53)	31 (27 to 35)	−35·1% (−43·6 to −25·9)*	−37·0% (−45·2 to −28·0)*	4180 (3790 to 4620)	2710 (2410 to 3040)	−35·1% (−43·6 to −25·9)*	−37·0% (−45·2 to −28·0)*
..				Pneumococcal meningitis	2 (2 to 3)	2 (1 to 2)	−20·4% (−31·4 to −6·9)*	−22·6% (−33·3 to −9·4)*	187 (148 to 224)	149 (118 to 183)	−20·4% (−31·4 to −6·8)*	−22·6% (−33·3 to −9·4)*
..				H influenzae type B meningitis	4 (4 to 5)	3 (2 to 3)	−40·9% (−48·8 to −31·0)*	−42·6% (−50·2 to −33·0)*	382 (309 to 462)	225 (176 to 277)	−40·9% (−48·8 to −31·0)*	−42·6% (−50·2 to −33·0)*
..				Meningococcal infection	2 (2 to 3)	2 (1 to 2)	−34·6% (−42·8 to −24·4)*	−36·5% (−44·4 to −26·5)*	211 (175 to 246)	138 (109 to 167)	−34·6% (−42·8 to −24·4)*	−36·4% (−44·4 to −26·5)*
..				Other meningitis	7 (5 to 8)	6 (5 to 7)	−11·8% (−22·6 to 2·5)	−14·2% (−24·8 to −0·3)*	573 (475 to 664)	505 (413 to 592)	−11·8% (−22·6 to 2·5)	−14·2% (−24·8 to −0·3)*
..				Encephalitis	1 (1 to 1)	1 (1 to 1)	−16·0% (−33·2 to −1·7)*	−18·4% (−35·1 to −4·4)*	95 (85 to 107)	80 (67 to 89)	−16·0% (−33·2 to −1·7)*	−18·4% (−35·1 to −4·4)*
..				Neonatal preterm birth	879 (830 to 991)	649 (605 to 721)	−26·2% (−31·3 to −21·5)*	−28·1% (−33·2 to −23·6)*	87 700 (82 100 to 97 300)	70 200 (64 400 to 77 200)	−19·9% (−25·3 to −14·4)*	−23·3% (−28·4 to −18·3)*
..				Neonatal encephalopathy due to birth asphyxia and trauma	351 (314 to 379)	281 (248 to 309)	−20·0% (−26·6 to −12·4)*	−22·1% (−28·5 to −14·7)*	30 800 (27 600 to 33 300)	24 700 (21 800 to 27 200)	−20·0% (−26·6 to −12·4)*	−22·1% (−28·5 to −14·7)*
..				Neonatal sepsis and other neonatal infections	120 (106 to 157)	111 (97 to 144)	−8·1% (−17·1 to 2·0)	−10·6% (−19·3 to −0·8)*	10 600 (9280 to 13 800)	9710 (8540 to 12 700)	−8·1% (−17·1 to 2·0)	−10·6% (−19·3 to −0·8)*
..				Haemolytic disease and other neonatal jaundice	44 (38 to 50)	28 (24 to 32)	−36·3% (−44·7 to −26·2)*	−38·0% (−46·2 to −28·2)*	3840 (3340 to 4380)	2450 (2140 to 2810)	−36·3% (−44·7 to −26·2)*	−38·0% (−46·2 to −28·2)*
..				Other neonatal disorders	242 (210 to 266)	188 (160 to 207)	−22·3% (−28·9 to −13·9)*	−24·4% (−30·8 to −16·1)*	21 300 (18 400 to 23 400)	16 500 (14 000 to 18 200)	−22·3% (−28·9 to −13·9)*	−24·4% (−30·8 to −16·1)*
..				Sudden infant death syndrome	3 (1 to 5)	2 (1 to 4)	−20·9% (−31·2 to −4·0)*	−23·2% (−33·2 to −6·8)*	262 (103 to 467)	208 (98 to 351)	−20·9% (−31·2 to −4·0)*	−23·2% (−33·2 to −6·8)*
4			Low birthweight for gestation: all causes		1480 (1410 to 1570)	1100 (1040 to 1160)	−25·7% (−28·9 to −22·2)*	−27·6% (−30·8 to −24·3)*	140 000 (134 000 to 148 000)	110 000 (103 000 to 117 000)	−21·8% (−25·4 to −17·9)*	−24·7% (−28·0 to −21·0)*
..				Lower respiratory infections	95 (86 to 105)	63 (56 to 71)	−33·9% (−40·6 to −26·4)*	−35·6% (−42·2 to −28·3)*	8350 (7530 to 9270)	5520 (4880 to 6260)	−33·8% (−40·6 to −26·4)*	−35·6% (−42·2 to −28·3)*
..				Upper respiratory infections	0 (0 to 0)	0 (0 to 0)	−45·8% (−54·9 to −30·6)*	−47·3% (−56·1 to −32·5)*	5 (3 to 7)	3 (2 to 4)	−45·8% (−54·9 to −30·6)*	−47·3% (−56·1 to −32·5)*
..				Otitis media	0 (0 to 0)	0 (0 to 0)	−48·9% (−68·4 to −16·0)*	−50·3% (−69·3 to −18·4)*	2 (0 to 7)	1 (0 to 4)	−48·9% (−68·4 to −16·0)*	−50·3% (−69·3 to −18·4)*
..				Diarrhoeal diseases	18 (16 to 21)	11 (10 to 13)	−37·4% (−46·1 to −28·8)*	−39·1% (−47·5 to −30·7)*	1610 (1400 to 1830)	1010 (878 to 1150)	−37·4% (−46·1 to −28·8)*	−39·1% (−47·5 to −30·7)*
..				Pneumococcal meningitis	1 (1 to 1)	1 (1 to 1)	−28·4% (−39·6 to −14·4)*	−30·4% (−41·3 to −16·7)*	100 (76 to 124)	72 (56 to 89)	−28·4% (−39·6 to −14·4)*	−30·4% (−41·3 to −16·7)*
..				H influenzae type B meningitis	2 (2 to 3)	1 (1 to 1)	−46·5% (−53·9 to −37·0)*	−48·0% (−55·2 to −38·7)*	177 (134 to 227)	95 (71 to 118)	−46·5% (−53·9 to −37·0)*	−48·0% (−55·2 to −38·7)*
..				Meningococcal infection	1 (1 to 1)	1 (1 to 1)	−37·6% (−46·6 to −26·6)*	−39·2% (−48·0 to −28·6)*	104 (81 to 126)	65 (50 to 80)	−37·6% (−46·6 to −26·6)*	−39·2% (−48·0 to −28·6)*
..				Other meningitis	3 (3 to 4)	3 (2 to 3)	−16·0% (−27·6 to −2·3)*	−18·3% (−29·5 to −5·0)*	286 (229 to 340)	240 (191 to 284)	−16·0% (−27·6 to −2·3)*	−18·3% (−29·5 to −5·0)*
..				Encephalitis	0 (0 to 0)	0 (0 to 0)	−16·7% (−32·2 to −3·4)*	−19·0% (−34·1 to −6·0)*	38 (33 to 44)	31 (27 to 36)	−16·7% (−32·2 to −3·4)*	−19·0% (−34·1 to −6·0)*
..				Neonatal preterm birth	879 (830 to 991)	649 (605 to 721)	−26·2% (−31·3 to −21·5)*	−28·1% (−33·2 to −23·6)*	87 700 (82 100 to 97 300)	70 200 (64 400 to 77 200)	−19·9% (−25·3 to −14·4)*	−23·3% (−28·4 to −18·3)*
..				Neonatal encephalopathy due to birth asphyxia and trauma	249 (221 to 271)	188 (166 to 207)	−24·6% (−30·7 to −17·7)*	−26·6% (−32·5 to −19·8)*	21 900 (19 400 to 23 800)	16 500 (14 600 to 18 200)	−24·6% (−30·7 to −17·7)*	−26·6% (−32·5 to −19·8)*
..				Neonatal sepsis and other neonatal infections	64 (55 to 90)	57 (49 to 80)	−10·8% (−20·3 to 0·0)*	−13·2% (−22·4 to −2·7)*	5620 (4830 to 7910)	5010 (4320 to 6990)	−10·8% (−20·3 to 0·0)*	−13·2% (−22·4 to −2·7)*
..				Haemolytic disease and other neonatal jaundice	21 (18 to 24)	13 (12 to 15)	−35·7% (−44·1 to −26·2)*	−37·4% (−45·6 to −28·2)*	1810 (1570 to 2080)	1160 (1010 to 1330)	−35·7% (−44·1 to −26·2)*	−37·4% (−45·6 to −28·2)*
..				Other neonatal disorders	141 (121 to 156)	109 (92 to 121)	−22·8% (−29·7 to −13·9)*	−24·8% (−31·5 to −16·2)*	12 400 (10 600 to 13 700)	9560 (8060 to 10 600)	−22·8% (−29·7 to −13·9)*	−24·8% (−31·5 to −16·2)*
..				Sudden infant death syndrome	1 (0 to 1)	1 (0 to 1)	−22·7% (−33·6 to −7·6)*	−24·9% (−35·5 to −10·3)*	68 (32 to 127)	52 (27 to 93)	−22·7% (−33·6 to −7·6)*	−24·9% (−35·5 to −10·3)*
3		Iron deficiency: all causes			89 (36 to 133)	60 (24 to 91)	−32·6% (−37·0 to −28·4)*	−38·5% (−42·5 to −34·6)*	37 100 (25 800 to 51 300)	33 700 (23 200 to 47 200)	−9·3% (−13·2 to −5·3)*	−17·6% (−21·1 to −14·1)*
..			Maternal haemorrhage		28 (12 to 44)	12 (5 to 19)	−56·9% (−64·0 to −48·6)*	−60·7% (−67·3 to −53·2)*	1650 (670 to 2570)	702 (281 to 1100)	−57·4% (−64·6 to −48·7)*	−60·9% (−67·6 to −53·1)*
..			Maternal sepsis and other pregnancy related infections		11 (4 to 17)	7 (3 to 11)	−36·7% (−49·0 to −23·8)*	−42·1% (−53·2 to −30·3)*	634 (265 to 1010)	397 (156 to 635)	−37·4% (−49·4 to −24·1)*	−42·3% (−53·3 to −30·0)*
..			Maternal hypertensive disorders		10 (4 to 16)	9 (3 to 14)	−16·0% (−32·6 to 2·1)	−22·6% (−37·9 to −5·8)*	659 (262 to 1050)	550 (212 to 863)	−16·6% (−32·7 to 0·5)	−22·7% (−37·6 to −6·9)*
..			Maternal obstructed labour and uterine rupture		6 (2 to 10)	4 (2 to 7)	−26·8% (−44·8 to −5·1)*	−33·5% (−49·6 to −13·6)*	461 (188 to 761)	343 (139 to 561)	−25·6% (−40·2 to −10·8)*	−32·1% (−45·2 to −18·5)*
..				Maternal abortive outcome	6 (3 to 10)	5 (2 to 9)	−17·0% (−32·9 to 0·5)	−24·7% (−38·9 to −8·9)*	374 (152 to 602)	304 (118 to 484)	−18·7% (−35·0 to −0·3)*	−25·5% (−40·1 to −9·0)*
..				Ectopic pregnancy	4 (2 to 9)	3 (1 to 6)	−21·9% (−51·6 to 20·4)	−28·4% (−55·1 to 10·5)	263 (92 to 541)	203 (75 to 378)	−23·0% (−51·4 to 19·5)	−29·0% (−55·2 to 9·9)
..				Indirect maternal deaths	12 (5 to 20)	10 (4 to 17)	−14·5% (−28·4 to −0·6)*	−21·9% (−34·7 to −9·5)*	714 (287 to 1150)	598 (233 to 956)	−16·2% (−30·5 to −1·9)*	−23·0% (−36·3 to −10·3)*
..				Late maternal deaths	1 (0 to 2)	1 (0 to 2)	−13·3% (−19·6 to −7·3)*	−20·7% (−26·2 to −15·2)*	65 (26 to 104)	56 (21 to 92)	−14·3% (−20·4 to −8·3)*	−21·2% (−26·6 to −15·7)*
..				Maternal deaths aggravated by HIV/AIDS	1 (0 to 1)	0 (0 to 1)	−30·3% (−37·6 to −22·8)*	−37·8% (−44·3 to −31·1)*	38 (15 to 63)	25 (9 to 44)	−32·8% (−39·9 to −25·6)*	−39·7% (−46·2 to −33·2)*
..				Other maternal disorders	9 (4 to 15)	8 (3 to 12)	−18·8% (−35·7 to 2·8)	−25·8% (−41·4 to −6·0)*	577 (227 to 936)	470 (184 to 736)	−18·6% (−36·0 to 2·5)	−25·2% (−40·9 to −5·8)*
..				Dietary iron deficiency	..	..	..	..	31 700 (21 400 to 45 200)	30 000 (20 300 to 43 600)	−5·2% (−8·4 to −1·9)*	−14·3% (−17·2 to −11·4)*
3			Vitamin A deficiency: all causes		437 (339 to 550)	233 (179 to 294)	−46·8% (−51·4 to −42·0)*	−49·2% (−53·7 to −44·6)*	48 500 (38 700 to 59 900)	29 000 (23 000 to 35 600)	−40·2% (−44·7 to −35·8)*	−43·3% (−47·6 to −39·0)*
..				Lower respiratory infections	94 (36 to 161)	53 (20 to 92)	−43·4% (−47·6 to −39·3)*	−45·9% (−49·8 to −41·9)*	8130 (3110 to 14 000)	4600 (1750 to 8000)	−43·4% (−47·6 to −39·3)*	−45·8% (−49·8 to −41·9)*
..				Diarrhoeal diseases	263 (217 to 308)	146 (120 to 173)	−44·5% (−51·0 to −37·1)*	−47·1% (−53·3 to −40·0)*	23 300 (19 300 to 27 300)	13 100 (10 800 to 15 500)	−43·7% (−50·1 to −36·5)*	−46·3% (−52·4 to −39·4)*
..				Measles	81 (27 to 181)	34 (11 to 78)	−58·0% (−63·3 to −53·0)*	−60·2% (−65·2 to −55·4)*	6980 (2310 to 15 700)	2930 (961 to 6750)	−58·0% (−63·2 to −53·0)*	−60·2% (−65·1 to −55·4)*
..				Vitamin A deficiency	..	..	..	..	10 000 (6650 to 14 500)	8310 (5400 to 12 200)	−17·3% (−20·8 to −13·6)*	−22·3% (−25·7 to −18·8)*
3			Zinc deficiency: all causes		60 (3 to 157)	29 (1 to 77)	−52·3% (−61·6 to −41·7)*	−55·2% (−64·0 to −45·3)*	5290 (398 to 13 600)	2580 (235 to 6750)	−51·2% (−60·2 to −36·4)*	−54·2% (−62·6 to −40·2)*
..				Lower respiratory infections	24 (0 to 98)	12 (0 to 52)	−49·3% (−58·1 to 0)	−57·2% (−60·4 to 0)	2100 (3 to 8430)	1070 (2 to 4460)	−49·2% (−57·9 to −21·2)*	−52·2% (−60·4 to −26·0)*
..				Diarrhoeal diseases	36 (0 to 102)	16 (0 to 48)	−54·4% (−63·4 to 0)	−52·3% (−65·6 to 0)	3190 (132 to 8890)	1510 (113 to 4270)	−52·6% (−61·0 to −12·4)*	−55·4% (−63·3 to −17·7)*
2			Tobacco: all causes		7280 (7010 to 7560)	8100 (7790 to 8420)	11·3% (9·1 to 13·4)*	−15·9% (−17·6 to −14·4)*	200 000 (188 000 to 212 000)	213 000 (201 000 to 227 000)	6·8% (4·6 to 9·0)*	−16·8% (−18·5 to −15·2)*
3			Smoking: all causes		6380 (6170 to 6590)	7100 (6830 to 7370)	11·2% (8·8 to 13·5)*	−16·2% (−18·0 to −14·4)*	169 000 (160 000 to 177 000)	182 000 (173 000 to 193 000)	8·2% (6·0 to 10·3)*	−16·4% (−18·1 to −14·7)*
..				Drug-susceptible tuberculosis	200 (163 to 234)	156 (124 to 188)	−22·1% (−29·6 to −14·5)*	−38·7% (−44·6 to −32·8)*	6740 (5450 to 7860)	5210 (4140 to 6290)	−22·7% (−29·7 to −15·3)*	−37·5% (−43·1 to −31·7)*
..				Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis without extensive drug resistance	26 (20 to 34)	20 (11 to 32)	−26·0% (−54·4 to 16·5)	−41·4% (−63·9 to −7·6)*	887 (671 to 1130)	636 (368 to 1030)	−28·3% (−54·8 to 10·7)	−41·7% (−63·2 to −9·8)*
..				Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis	3 (2 to 4)	3 (2 to 4)	−2·6% (−26·1 to 27·8)	−21·8% (−40·8 to 2·5)	110 (83 to 140)	103 (74 to 138)	−6·5% (−28·6 to 20·6)	−23·1% (−41·4 to −1·0)*
..				Lower respiratory infections	241 (180 to 301)	265 (194 to 338)	9·9% (5·2 to 13·8)*	−17·6% (−21·0 to −14·8)*	5200 (3950 to 6410)	5410 (4020 to 6820)	4·0% (−0·6 to 7·9)	−18·9% (−22·5 to −15·9)*
..				Lip and oral cavity cancer	48 (40 to 56)	59 (48 to 69)	22·2% (15·8 to 27·9)*	−7·2% (−12·0 to −2·8)*	1270 (1030 to 1500)	1500 (1190 to 1780)	17·9% (11·3 to 23·6)*	−9·1% (−14·1 to −4·6)*
..				Nasopharynx cancer	15 (11 to 19)	18 (13 to 23)	19·7% (13·9 to 26·5)*	−8·2% (−12·5 to −3·0)*	427 (303 to 541)	492 (350 to 627)	15·3% (9·3 to 22·3)*	−10·0% (−14·5 to −4·9)*
..				Other pharynx cancer	39 (32 to 45)	51 (41 to 59)	29·9% (18·4 to 39·8)*	−1·1% (−9·9 to 6·5)	1060 (867 to 1220)	1330 (1050 to 1580)	25·7% (14·4 to 35·6)*	−3·2% (−12·0 to 4·5)
..				Oesophageal cancer	151 (137 to 164)	170 (156 to 186)	13·1% (8·4 to 18·0)*	−14·4% (−17·9 to −10·6)*	3520 (3170 to 3850)	3810 (3470 to 4170)	8·3% (3·8 to 12·8)*	−17·1% (−20·5 to −13·6)*
..				Stomach cancer	147 (120 to 174)	155 (126 to 183)	5·1% (0·8 to 10·0)*	−20·6% (−23·7 to −17·0)*	3220 (2570 to 3850)	3270 (2640 to 3890)	1·6% (−2·6 to 6·5)	−22·4% (−25·6 to −18·8)*
..				Colon and rectum cancer	101 (68 to 134)	119 (79 to 160)	18·2% (13·6 to 22·6)*	−11·3% (−14·9 to −7·8)*	2190 (1420 to 2870)	2540 (1620 to 3390)	16·0% (11·2 to 20·2)*	−11·8% (−15·5 to −8·5)*
..				Liver cancer due to hepatitis B	53 (28 to 78)	64 (35 to 92)	20·7% (9·5 to 38·7)*	−7·1% (−15·1 to 5·9)	1520 (742 to 2250)	1760 (933 to 2560)	16·0% (5·2 to 34·1)*	−9·6% (−17·0 to 4·0)
..				Liver cancer due to hepatitis C	33 (19 to 46)	41 (23 to 58)	25·9% (19·2 to 34·1)*	−5·4% (−10·1 to 0·4)	712 (388 to 1020)	880 (491 to 1260)	23·5% (17·0 to 31·7)*	−6·2% (−10·7 to −0·5)*
..				Liver cancer due to alcohol use	20 (11 to 30)	26 (14 to 38)	26·0% (19·6 to 33·8)*	−4·1% (−8·8 to 1·2)	484 (266 to 712)	595 (319 to 888)	23·1% (16·4 to 31·1)*	−5·4% (−9·9 to 0·1)
..				Liver cancer due to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis	8 (4 to 12)	11 (6 to 16)	39·6% (30·5 to 51·3)*	5·3% (−1·3 to 13·7)	179 (96 to 261)	244 (128 to 353)	36·1% (26·8 to 47·9)*	4·1% (−2·4 to 12·7)
..				Liver cancer due to other causes	8 (4 to 11)	10 (5 to 14)	29·8% (18·6 to 45·9)*	−0·7% (−8·6 to 10·5)	205 (104 to 304)	255 (135 to 370)	24·2% (13·2 to 41·5)*	−3·4% (−10·8 to 8·2)
..				Pancreatic cancer	75 (67 to 83)	94 (83 to 105)	24·9% (21·1 to 28·4)*	−6·3% (−9·3 to −3·6)*	1570 (1380 to 1750)	1910 (1670 to 2140)	21·6% (17·7 to 24·9)*	−7·6% (−10·5 to −5·1)*
..				Larynx cancer	67 (59 to 73)	77 (68 to 84)	14·9% (11·4 to 18·0)*	−12·7% (−15·4 to −10·3)*	1730 (1540 to 1900)	1930 (1700 to 2130)	11·3% (7·6 to 14·6)*	−14·5% (−17·4 to −12·0)*
..				Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer	965 (940 to 992)	1190 (1150 to 1230)	23·3% (19·9 to 26·4)*	−6·9% (−9·4 to −4·6)*	21 000 (20 400 to 21 700)	25 100 (24 100 to 26 100)	19·3% (15·8 to 22·4)*	−9·1% (−11·7 to −6·8)*
..				Breast cancer	16 (12 to 21)	17 (12 to 22)	5·2% (1·9 to 8·4)*	−20·4% (−23·1 to −17·7)*	447 (317 to 582)	451 (320 to 593)	0·8% (−2·5 to 3·8)	−22·0% (−24·9 to −19·5)*
..				Cervical cancer	27 (14 to 43)	27 (14 to 43)	−0·5% (−6·1 to 4·5)	−23·2% (−27·6 to −19·0)*	807 (443 to 1260)	766 (414 to 1190)	−5·0% (−10·0 to −0·4)*	−24·8% (−28·9 to −20·7)*
..				Prostate cancer	22 (10 to 34)	25 (10 to 40)	15·7% (7·1 to 23·3)*	−13·9% (−20·1 to −8·4)*	414 (188 to 640)	475 (206 to 750)	14·7% (6·6 to 22·6)*	−13·6% (−19·8 to −7·6)*
..				Kidney cancer	21 (15 to 27)	26 (18 to 34)	19·7% (14·8 to 24·6)*	−9·8% (−13·5 to −6·0)*	482 (336 to 623)	554 (378 to 721)	15·0% (10·3 to 19·7)*	−12·3% (−16·1 to −8·6)*
..				Bladder cancer	56 (42 to 67)	66 (50 to 81)	19·5% (16·1 to 23·2)*	−10·8% (−13·4 to −7·9)*	1130 (869 to 1350)	1320 (1010 to 1590)	16·9% (13·4 to 20·2)*	−11·2% (−14·0 to −8·7)*
..				Acute lymphoid leukaemia	5 (3 to 8)	7 (4 to 10)	25·7% (16·2 to 33·3)*	−2·7% (−9·5 to 2·5)	149 (78 to 232)	179 (95 to 279)	20·1% (11·1 to 28·0)*	−4·9% (−11·8 to 0·3)
..				Chronic lymphoid leukaemia	8 (5 to 12)	9 (6 to 13)	11·5% (6·3 to 17·8)*	−17·4% (−21·4 to −12·6)*	168 (103 to 234)	187 (116 to 261)	11·3% (5·0 to 18·2)*	−16·0% (−21·0 to −10·3)*
..				Acute myeloid leukaemia	18 (11 to 25)	21 (13 to 30)	18·8% (13·7 to 23·2)*	−9·6% (−13·7 to −6·0)*	412 (248 to 595)	471 (275 to 704)	14·4% (9·2 to 18·7)*	−11·3% (−16·0 to −7·2)*
..				Chronic myeloid leukaemia	5 (3 to 7)	5 (3 to 7)	−6·1% (−10·0 to −2·2)*	−28·8% (−32·2 to −25·6)*	116 (67 to 174)	104 (58 to 157)	−10·4% (−14·4 to −6·6)*	−30·3% (−34·3 to −27·0)*
..				Other leukaemia	24 (15 to 34)	26 (16 to 38)	9·5% (4·0 to 16·8)*	−16·9% (−20·6 to −11·5)*	565 (327 to 830)	588 (346 to 862)	4·2% (−1·3 to 13·1)	−19·0% (−22·8 to −13·1)*
..				Ischaemic heart disease	1500 (1440 to 1570)	1620 (1540 to 1690)	7·8% (4·6 to 11·1)*	−17·8% (−20·2 to −15·3)*	38 400 (36 800 to 40 200)	40 600 (38 700 to 42 500)	5·6% (2·4 to 9·0)*	−18·0% (−20·4 to −15·3)*
..				Ischaemic stroke	295 (276 to 317)	335 (313 to 361)	13·4% (8·6 to 17·8)*	−14·7% (−18·2 to −11·4)*	7540 (6910 to 8260)	9000 (8170 to 9920)	19·3% (14·7 to 23·8)*	−9·0% (−12·5 to −5·6)*
..				Intracerebral haemorrhage	470 (439 to 500)	481 (450 to 514)	2·3% (−2·2 to 6·9)	−21·9% (−25·4 to −18·5)*	12 400 (11 600 to 13 300)	12 600 (11 800 to 13 600)	1·5% (−2·8 to 5·8)	−21·2% (−24·6 to −17·8)*
..				Subarachnoid haemorrhage	67 (60 to 77)	71 (63 to 81)	6·2% (−1·4 to 14·5)	−17·4% (−23·3 to −11·1)*	2190 (1950 to 2510)	2270 (2020 to 2560)	3·5% (−3·2 to 10·7)	−17·9% (−23·2 to −12·4)*
..				Atrial fibrillation and flutter	10 (6 to 13)	12 (8 to 16)	27·2% (22·5 to 32·3)*	−6·4% (−9·8 to −2·9)*	414 (262 to 591)	502 (315 to 718)	21·2% (17·8 to 24·7)*	−7·5% (−9·9 to −5·2)*
..				Aortic aneurysm	51 (47 to 56)	56 (51 to 62)	10·4% (6·0 to 15·3)*	−16·3% (−19·6 to −12·6)*	1160 (1080 to 1270)	1270 (1160 to 1400)	9·5% (4·9 to 14·7)*	−15·4% (−18·9 to −11·4)*
..				Peripheral vascular disease	13 (8 to 21)	17 (11 to 29)	31·6% (9·2 to 47·5)*	−2·2% (−19·0 to 9·8)	376 (240 to 553)	471 (298 to 716)	25·1% (9·1 to 37·0)*	−5·7% (−17·8 to 3·3)
..				Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	1130 (1030 to 1230)	1230 (1120 to 1350)	9·5% (6·4 to 13·0)*	−19·1% (−21·3 to −16·7)*	26 100 (23 300 to 28 700)	28 200 (25 100 to 31 100)	7·8% (4·7 to 11·1)*	−18·4% (−20·7 to −16·0)*
..				Asthma	69 (34 to 108)	59 (29 to 90)	−15·5% (−23·9 to −3·8)*	−35·8% (−42·2 to −27·0)*	2340 (1220 to 3350)	2130 (1100 to 3080)	−9·0% (−16·4 to 0·5)	−28·7% (−34·7 to −20·9)*
..				Peptic ulcer disease	51 (44 to 58)	46 (39 to 54)	−10·1% (−15·5 to −3·9)*	−31·5% (−35·6 to −26·7)*	1370 (1180 to 1540)	1200 (1020 to 1400)	−11·9% (−17·0 to −6·8)*	−30·9% (−35·0 to −26·8)*
..				Gallbladder and biliary diseases	5 (4 to 6)	6 (4 to 7)	15·1% (9·7 to 22·7)*	−13·6% (−17·6 to −7·9)*	106 (78 to 136)	116 (84 to 151)	9·6% (4·1 to 16·8)*	−14·9% (−19·0 to −9·4)*
..				Alzheimer's disease and other dementias	249 (158 to 338)	318 (198 to 434)	27·6% (21·8 to 32·5)*	−9·5% (−13·4 to −6·0)*	3800 (2410 to 5110)	4650 (2900 to 6310)	22·4% (17·2 to 26·7)*	−10·0% (−13·6 to −6·6)*
..				Parkinson's disease	−24 (−38 to −12)	−29 (−46 to −14)	20·0% (10·5 to 28·2)*	−10·4% (−17·3 to −4·4)*	−481 (−750 to −239)	−567 (−890 to −281)	17·9% (9·1 to 26·2)*	−10·5% (−17·1 to −4·3)*
..				Multiple sclerosis	2 (2 to 3)	3 (2 to 3)	12·1% (−1·6 to 19·2)	−11·4% (−21·9 to −5·7)*	132 (101 to 165)	143 (107 to 179)	8·2% (0·3 to 14·5)*	−12·0% (−18·3 to −6·8)*
..				Type 2 diabetes mellitus	65 (53 to 78)	83 (67 to 100)	27·3% (22·6 to 32·2)*	−4·6% (−8·1 to −0·9)*	4710 (3450 to 6160)	5680 (4140 to 7530)	20·6% (15·2 to 26·2)*	−5·6% (−9·6 to −1·4)*
..				Cataract	..	..	..	..	534 (362 to 747)	610 (408 to 860)	14·3% (8·7 to 19·5)*	−13·0% (−17·1 to −8·9)*
..				Age-related macular degeneration	..	..	..	..	48 (20 to 79)	56 (24 to 95)	17·0% (9·3 to 23·4)*	−12·7% (−18·4 to −8·0)*
..				Rheumatoid arthritis	3 (1 to 6)	4 (1 to 6)	10·4% (2·4 to 20·2)*	−16·8% (−22·8 to −9·3)*	245 (72 to 443)	285 (82 to 519)	16·4% (10·0 to 21·8)*	−9·0% (−13·9 to −4·8)*
..				Low back pain	..	..	..	..	9350 (6160 to 13 000)	10 100 (6700 to 14 100)	8·1% (5·4 to 10·7)*	−12·6% (−14·7 to −10·9)*
..				Pedestrian road injuries	4 (3 to 5)	4 (3 to 5)	0·9% (−8·3 to 7·2)	−22·2% (−29·4 to −17·2)*	126 (91 to 167)	126 (90 to 169)	−0·4% (−7·7 to 5·0)	−21·1% (−27·0 to −16·9)*
..				Cyclist road injuries	1 (0 to 1)	1 (0 to 1)	13·2% (3·4 to 23·5)*	−12·0% (−19·7 to −4·3)*	25 (17 to 34)	29 (20 to 40)	16·8% (10·0 to 23·7)*	−8·1% (−13·2 to −2·7)*
..				Motorcyclist road injuries	1 (1 to 2)	1 (1 to 2)	6·7% (−7·3 to 16·4)	−14·0% (−25·5 to −6·2)*	71 (48 to 96)	76 (51 to 105)	6·9% (−2·7 to 13·7)	−13·3% (−21·1 to −7·9)*
..				Motor vehicle road injuries	3 (2 to 4)	3 (2 to 3)	−1·9% (−9·8 to 2·7)	−22·5% (−28·8 to −18·8)*	105 (71 to 143)	103 (69 to 140)	−2·0% (−7·4 to 1·7)	−21·2% (−25·7 to −18·3)*
..				Other road injuries	0 (0 to 0)	0 (0 to 0)	−2·7% (−12·4 to 16·6)	−24·9% (−32·5 to −10·6)*	8 (6 to 12)	10 (7 to 15)	26·6% (19·1 to 34·2)*	−1·8% (−7·3 to 4·0)
..				Other transport injuries	1 (1 to 2)	1 (1 to 2)	3·3% (−2·3 to 10·4)	−19·5% (−23·9 to −14·1)*	71 (52 to 94)	77 (55 to 104)	8·6% (4·3 to 13·2)*	−14·5% (−17·7 to −11·1)*
..				Falls	15 (11 to 20)	19 (13 to 25)	23·6% (15·1 to 34·6)*	−10·5% (−16·9 to −2·4)*	508 (365 to 694)	630 (443 to 870)	23·9% (19·2 to 29·2)*	−6·4% (−9·9 to −2·5)*
..				Other exposure to mechanical forces	1 (1 to 1)	1 (1 to 1)	1·6% (−3·8 to 6·7)	−21·3% (−25·2 to −17·5)*	64 (45 to 88)	71 (50 to 102)	12·3% (7·5 to 16·4)*	−11·7% (−15·1 to −8·9)*
..				Non-venomous animal contact	0 (0 to 0)	0 (0 to 0)	−0·4% (−11·7 to 15·6)	−23·6% (−32·3 to −11·3)*	5 (3 to 7)	5 (3 to 8)	5·3% (−0·8 to 12·3)	−18·4% (−23·0 to −12·9)*
..				Assault by other means	0 (0 to 0)	0 (0 to 0)	−8·1% (−15·2 to −0·8)*	−27·5% (−33·1 to −21·8)*	17 (12 to 23)	16 (12 to 22)	−2·0% (−6·9 to 2·5)	−22·2% (−25·9 to −18·7)*
3			Chewing tobacco: all causes		59 (48 to 70)	76 (62 to 91)	29·5% (22·0 to 38·3)*	−1·6% (−7·3 to 5·2)	1490 (1220 to 1790)	1890 (1530 to 2270)	26·6% (19·5 to 35·1)*	−1·9% (−7·5 to 4·8)
..				Lip and oral cavity cancer	31 (24 to 38)	44 (35 to 54)	41·3% (31·8 to 51·6)*	8·1% (0·9 to 16·0)*	853 (661 to 1050)	1160 (892 to 1440)	36·0% (26·2 to 46·3)*	6·3% (−1·3 to 14·4)
..				Oesophageal cancer	27 (20 to 36)	32 (22 to 41)	16·0% (6·0 to 27·2)*	−12·4% (−20·2 to −4·0)*	641 (455 to 833)	731 (507 to 948)	14·0% (5·2 to 24·4)*	−12·6% (−19·5 to −5·1)*
3			Second-hand smoke: all causes		1110 (888 to 1370)	1220 (984 to 1500)	10·2% (6·9 to 13·5)*	−15·9% (−18·2 to −13·6)*	36 600 (28 600 to 46 000)	36 300 (28 600 to 45 100)	−0·9% (−5·6 to 4·5)	−20·0% (−23·0 to −16·5)*
..				Lower respiratory infections	208 (123 to 302)	179 (107 to 261)	−13·6% (−16·3 to −10·5)*	−27·8% (−30·0 to −25·4)*	11 900 (6940 to 17 400)	7960 (4630 to 11 600)	−33·2% (−36·4 to −29·8)*	−39·0% (−42·0 to −35·7)*
..				Otitis media	0 (0 to 0)	0 (0 to 0)	−60·5% (−72·8 to −40·3)*	−62·4% (−74·1 to −43·1)*	127 (69 to 209)	119 (63 to 199)	−6·1% (−10·8 to −2·6)*	−11·6% (−15·9 to −8·2)*
..				Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer	78 (44 to 117)	100 (57 to 149)	28·3% (22·5 to 33·8)*	−2·5% (−6·7 to 1·6)	1830 (1050 to 2750)	2240 (1300 to 3360)	22·7% (17·6 to 28·1)*	−5·5% (−9·4 to −1·4)*
..				Breast cancer	12 (3 to 21)	15 (4 to 26)	21·2% (14·3 to 26·9)*	−5·4% (−10·6 to −1·0)*	404 (98 to 688)	478 (118 to 829)	18·5% (11·6 to 24·6)*	−4·9% (−10·4 to −0·2)*
..				Ischaemic heart disease	330 (269 to 399)	382 (311 to 463)	16·0% (12·8 to 19·3)*	−12·1% (−14·1 to −10·0)*	7890 (6440 to 9490)	8850 (7180 to 10 700)	12·2% (9·2 to 15·3)*	−12·4% (−14·5 to −10·2)*
..				Ischaemic stroke	65 (48 to 85)	74 (55 to 98)	14·6% (9·6 to 20·4)*	−14·6% (−17·4 to −11·3)*	1430 (1070 to 1850)	1670 (1250 to 2190)	17·4% (11·9 to 22·6)*	−10·3% (−13·8 to −6·9)*
..				Intracerebral haemorrhage	96 (73 to 124)	102 (76 to 132)	5·9% (1·1 to 10·9)*	−19·4% (−22·4 to −16·1)*	2460 (1840 to 3160)	2550 (1880 to 3290)	3·8% (−0·9 to 8·5)	−18·9% (−21·9 to −15·8)*
..				Subarachnoid haemorrhage	14 (11 to 19)	16 (12 to 21)	10·9% (5·5 to 16·9)*	−13·4% (−17·1 to −9·2)*	467 (337 to 616)	500 (360 to 656)	7·1% (2·2 to 12·6)*	−14·0% (−17·2 to −10·3)*
..				Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	244 (126 to 363)	266 (136 to 405)	9·0% (3·5 to 14·6)*	−20·0% (−23·9 to −15·8)*	6230 (3190 to 9260)	6910 (3540 to 10 400)	10·8% (6·3 to 15·2)*	−15·3% (−18·8 to −12·0)*
..				Type 2 diabetes mellitus	61 (23 to 92)	86 (33 to 131)	41·1% (37·5 to 45·0)*	5·3% (2·7 to 8·1)*	3890 (1390 to 6340)	5040 (1810 to 8230)	29·3% (25·1 to 33·8)*	1·3% (−2·0 to 4·8)
2			Alcohol use: all causes		2560 (2230 to 2910)	2840 (2440 to 3250)	11·0% (3·2 to 19·1)*	−11·7% (−18·1 to −4·8)*	102 000 (92 400 to 114 000)	108 000 (96 200 to 120 000)	5·5% (0·5 to 10·7)*	−13·1% (−17·2 to −8·7)*
..				Drug-susceptible tuberculosis	338 (247 to 415)	287 (209 to 361)	−15·0% (−22·8 to −7·7)*	−32·0% (−38·1 to −25·9)*	12 600 (9340 to 15 400)	10 500 (7730 to 13 100)	−16·6% (−23·9 to −9·9)*	−30·9% (−37·0 to −25·3)*
..				Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis without extensive drug resistance	45 (32 to 60)	38 (20 to 64)	−16·0% (−50·5 to 31·4)	−32·5% (−60·3 to 5·5)	1650 (1170 to 2170)	1330 (697 to 2260)	−19·2% (−51·4 to 24·6)	−33·0% (−59·7 to 3·5)
..				Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis	5 (3 to 6)	5 (3 to 7)	6·1% (−20·2 to 43·2)	−13·8% (−35·2 to 16·2)	178 (128 to 225)	178 (124 to 254)	−0·4% (−24·4 to 32·7)	−16·9% (−36·8 to 10·7)
..				Lower respiratory infections	96 (36 to 154)	114 (39 to 186)	19·1% (−0·6 to 31·4)	−8·2% (−20·9 to 2·8)	2630 (1310 to 3830)	2840 (1380 to 4230)	8·0% (−5·2 to 18·0)	−13·2% (−22·7 to −5·2)*
..				Lip and oral cavity cancer	59 (51 to 66)	78 (66 to 89)	32·8% (25·1 to 40·2)*	2·1% (−3·8 to 7·8)	1710 (1490 to 1910)	2200 (1900 to 2490)	28·6% (20·6 to 35·9)*	1·1% (−5·3 to 6·8)
..				Nasopharynx cancer	25 (21 to 29)	32 (26 to 37)	25·7% (17·7 to 34·3)*	−2·2% (−8·4 to 4·3)	790 (662 to 900)	956 (801 to 1100)	21·1% (13·1 to 29·7)*	−3·6% (−9·7 to 3·1)
..				Other pharynx cancer	38 (31 to 44)	52 (42 to 62)	38·0% (25·3 to 49·5)*	6·1% (−3·7 to 14·9)	1110 (912 to 1290)	1490 (1190 to 1770)	34·2% (21·6 to 45·3)*	4·9% (−5·0 to 13·5)
..				Oesophageal cancer	120 (97 to 143)	139 (110 to 166)	15·6% (7·8 to 24·5)*	−12·1% (−18·2 to −5·3)*	2980 (2430 to 3510)	3310 (2650 to 3910)	10·9% (3·9 to 18·7)*	−14·7% (−20·2 to −8·6)*
..				Colon and rectum cancer	103 (83 to 124)	126 (98 to 155)	22·3% (14·0 to 31·0)*	−7·9% (−14·1 to −1·3)*	2410 (1970 to 2870)	2900 (2290 to 3500)	20·5% (12·2 to 29·3)*	−7·2% (−13·6 to −0·4)*
..				Liver cancer due to alcohol use	98 (87 to 112)	129 (115 to 147)	31·7% (26·8 to 37·3)*	0·6% (−3·0 to 4·8)	2400 (2100 to 2790)	3080 (2680 to 3590)	27·9% (22·5 to 34·0)*	−0·5% (−4·4 to 4·0)
..				Larynx cancer	32 (21 to 40)	38 (25 to 48)	17·6% (11·3 to 24·4)*	−10·2% (−15·1 to −4·8)*	886 (594 to 1100)	1010 (683 to 1270)	14·4% (8·5 to 20·8)*	−11·5% (−16·1 to −6·6)*
..				Breast cancer	54 (46 to 62)	59 (49 to 69)	9·7% (4·3 to 14·1)*	−16·3% (−20·4 to −13·0)*	1560 (1320 to 1790)	1670 (1390 to 1940)	7·0% (2·0 to 11·3)*	−15·9% (−19·9 to −12·3)*
..				Ischaemic heart disease	−129 (−342 to 78)	−112 (−364 to 123)	−13·4% (−192·5 to 327·3)	−38·7% (−304·3 to 136·6)	−384 (−4880 to 4100)	343 (−4690 to 5200)	−189·5% (−502·2 to 832·6)	−111·5% (−487·6 to 473·6)
..				Ischaemic stroke	74 (11 to 143)	102 (28 to 181)	38·3% (−1·6 to 154·7)	9·2% (−32·8 to 220·5)	2070 (771 to 3370)	2870 (1210 to 4520)	38·2% (11·8 to 88·8)*	7·2% (−14·3 to 53·9)
..				Intracerebral haemorrhage	399 (292 to 503)	462 (338 to 592)	15·7% (3·0 to 31·2)*	−12·1% (−21·8 to −0·3)*	9910 (7550 to 12 200)	11 200 (8440 to 14 000)	13·3% (2·4 to 27·2)*	−11·9% (−20·5 to −1·0)*
..				Hypertensive heart disease	93 (63 to 120)	134 (84 to 179)	43·9% (21·8 to 61·4)*	6·5% (−9·2 to 19·1)	2000 (1410 to 2570)	2680 (1760 to 3520)	34·3% (15·8 to 49·2)*	3·3% (−10·9 to 14·9)
..				Alcoholic cardiomyopathy	119 (91 to 125)	89 (81 to 96)	−25·3% (−29·5 to −8·3)*	−40·5% (−43·7 to −27·6)*	4230 (3190 to 4450)	2990 (2720 to 3210)	−29·4% (−33·5 to −11·1)*	−42·2% (−45·6 to −27·5)*
..				Atrial fibrillation and flutter	20 (15 to 26)	28 (20 to 36)	40·1% (28·9 to 51·6)*	−1·0% (−8·7 to 7·1)	567 (408 to 738)	740 (536 to 966)	30·4% (21·0 to 41·2)*	−2·3% (−9·6 to 5·6)
..				Cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases due to alcohol use	284 (260 to 309)	332 (303 to 373)	16·9% (11·2 to 23·7)*	−8·8% (−13·2 to −3·4)*	9000 (8290 to 9790)	10 200 (9310 to 11 300)	13·1% (8·1 to 18·9)*	−9·3% (−13·4 to −4·8)*
..				Pancreatitis	31 (24 to 38)	36 (29 to 45)	17·6% (7·5 to 27·4)*	−6·2% (−14·2 to 1·8)	1150 (929 to 1390)	1300 (1050 to 1590)	13·0% (3·4 to 22·1)*	−6·9% (−14·8 to 0·6)
..				Epilepsy	23 (17 to 29)	25 (19 to 32)	8·4% (2·1 to 16·0)*	−9·6% (−15·0 to −2·9)*	2050 (1460 to 2760)	2240 (1550 to 3100)	9·0% (0·4 to 17·7)*	−6·3% (−13·7 to 1·2)
..				Alcohol use disorders	180 (163 to 184)	185 (167 to 193)	2·7% (−2·2 to 7·7)	−16·5% (−20·4 to −12·4)*	16 600 (13 600 to 20 400)	17 500 (14 100 to 21 600)	5·0% (2·4 to 7·4)*	−10·2% (−12·7 to −8·1)*
..				Type 2 diabetes mellitus	−4 (−24 to 15)	−3 (−28 to 23)	−41·1% (−486·6 to 318·0)	−52·3% (−365·2 to 347·8)	240 (−1140 to 1620)	363 (−1460 to 2260)	51·2% (−291·8 to 254·2)	41·4% (−236·8 to 207·0)
..				Pedestrian road injuries	42 (25 to 59)	40 (23 to 56)	−4·4% (−13·2 to 6·4)	−19·7% (−26·9 to −10·7)*	2000 (1180 to 2820)	1880 (1120 to 2630)	−6·0% (−13·7 to 4·2)	−17·6% (−24·3 to −8·9)*
..				Cyclist road injuries	6 (3 to 8)	6 (3 to 9)	9·5% (−1·0 to 22·8)	−7·6% (−16·2 to 3·4)	365 (221 to 528)	404 (246 to 573)	10·6% (2·5 to 21·6)*	−4·3% (−11·2 to 5·1)
..				Motorcyclist road injuries	23 (14 to 33)	24 (14 to 34)	2·5% (−8·5 to 14·5)	−9·0% (−18·7 to 1·4)	1450 (887 to 2050)	1480 (896 to 2070)	1·9% (−7·1 to 12·7)	−8·6% (−16·5 to 0·8)
..				Motor vehicle road injuries	43 (25 to 60)	40 (24 to 56)	−6·6% (−11·6 to −0·8)*	−18·6% (−23·0 to −13·6)*	2380 (1430 to 3320)	2190 (1340 to 3030)	−8·2% (−12·6 to −2·6)*	−18·0% (−21·9 to −13·0)*
..				Other road injuries	1 (1 to 2)	1 (1 to 1)	−8·8% (−16·0 to 7·3)	−22·4% (−28·6 to −8·8)*	81 (47 to 117)	85 (51 to 124)	5·4% (−2·6 to 16·8)	−8·7% (−15·4 to 1·1)
..				Other transport injuries	8 (5 to 12)	8 (5 to 11)	−3·8% (−10·1 to 4·0)	−17·1% (−22·7 to −10·5)*	565 (338 to 803)	577 (345 to 823)	2·1% (−4·1 to 9·7)	−10·2% (−15·5 to −3·7)*
..				Falls	38 (17 to 62)	48 (22 to 80)	25·9% (16·3 to 39·2)*	−3·7% (−11·1 to 6·8)	2540 (1150 to 4230)	2990 (1370 to 4980)	17·9% (11·8 to 27·0)*	−4·6% (−9·4 to 3·1)
..				Drowning	17 (7 to 28)	16 (7 to 27)	−2·3% (−8·4 to 6·8)	−18·0% (−23·0 to −10·3)*	732 (322 to 1220)	669 (284 to 1100)	−8·6% (−14·2 to 0·2)	−20·5% (−25·2 to −13·5)*
..				Fire, heat, and hot substances	8 (4 to 13)	7 (3 to 12)	−11·6% (−17·9 to −5·0)*	−28·9% (−33·6 to −23·9)*	464 (202 to 766)	440 (192 to 743)	−5·1% (−11·8 to 2·0)	−20·4% (−25·9 to −14·4)*
..				Poisoning by carbon monoxide	4 (2 to 7)	3 (1 to 6)	−21·4% (−31·1 to −11·3)*	−35·1% (−42·9 to −26·8)*	177 (77 to 283)	132 (59 to 215)	−25·3% (−33·4 to −16·5)*	−36·6% (−43·4 to −29·4)*
..				Poisoning by other means	2 (1 to 3)	2 (1 to 4)	12·4% (−2·0 to 31·6)	−7·6% (−19·3 to 7·9)	106 (48 to 176)	116 (53 to 197)	9·5% (0·6 to 23·0)*	−7·1% (−14·4 to 4·1)
..				Unintentional firearm injuries	2 (1 to 3)	2 (1 to 3)	−9·0% (−14·8 to −2·7)*	−22·8% (−28·0 to −17·6)*	111 (50 to 192)	105 (47 to 179)	−5·7% (−11·0 to 0·1)	−18·1% (−23·0 to −13·3)*
..				Venomous animal contact	3 (1 to 5)	3 (1 to 6)	14·0% (−1·1 to 35·6)	−6·8% (−19·3 to 10·9)	140 (56 to 246)	157 (63 to 285)	11·7% (−0·8 to 29·8)	−5·6% (−15·9 to 9·1)
..				Non-venomous animal contact	1 (0 to 1)	1 (0 to 1)	2·6% (−7·3 to 16·5)	−16·9% (−25·0 to −5·5)*	42 (18 to 70)	45 (20 to 77)	6·9% (−0·2 to 16·8)	−11·1% (−16·9 to −3·1)*
..				Environmental heat and cold exposure	7 (3 to 12)	5 (2 to 9)	−23·9% (−32·6 to −15·9)*	−38·3% (−45·0 to −31·8)*	354 (154 to 572)	297 (130 to 498)	−16·1% (−23·2 to −8·3)*	−30·2% (−36·1 to −23·6)*
..				Exposure to forces of nature	1 (0 to 1)	1 (0 to 1)	4·6% (−7·6 to 25·0)	−11·1% (−21·6 to 5·9)	42 (19 to 72)	57 (24 to 100)	34·9% (21·8 to 50·6)*	17·5% (6·5 to 31·1)*
..				Other unintentional injuries	9 (4 to 14)	8 (3 to 13)	−8·2% (−16·0 to 4·6)	−22·1% (−28·5 to −11·6)*	670 (287 to 1120)	683 (297 to 1130)	1·9% (−4·7 to 10·6)	−14·0% (−19·3 to −6·8)*
..				Self-harm by firearm	16 (9 to 23)	17 (9 to 25)	5·7% (−6·8 to 18·1)	−11·8% (−22·0 to −1·5)*	691 (389 to 995)	709 (399 to 1020)	2·6% (−8·9 to 14·5)	−11·3% (−21·3 to −1·0)*
..				Self-harm by other specified means	157 (96 to 214)	161 (99 to 225)	2·8% (−4·7 to 11·0)	−14·3% (−20·6 to −7·2)*	6730 (4120 to 9190)	6700 (4150 to 9310)	−0·4% (−7·7 to 7·8)	−14·5% (−20·9 to −7·7)*
..				Assault by firearm	34 (22 to 46)	36 (23 to 49)	6·6% (−0·6 to 13·3)	−5·2% (−11·7 to 1·1)	1840 (1220 to 2510)	1940 (1270 to 2650)	5·2% (−2·1 to 11·8)	−5·0% (−11·8 to 1·1)
..				Assault by sharp object	20 (13 to 29)	18 (11 to 24)	−14·4% (−20·1 to −8·4)*	−25·6% (−30·7 to −20·3)*	1100 (702 to 1550)	944 (598 to 1310)	−14·4% (−19·5 to −8·9)*	−24·4% (−29·2 to −19·5)*
..				Sexual violence	..	..	..	..	114 (50 to 200)	131 (58 to 228)	15·0% (6·7 to 26·4)*	1·5% (−5·8 to 10·6)
..				Assault by other means	21 (14 to 29)	22 (14 to 31)	4·1% (−3·5 to 11·1)	−11·0% (−17·6 to −4·6)*	1260 (792 to 1770)	1340 (854 to 1880)	6·9% (−0·4 to 12·9)	−7·5% (−14·1 to −2·2)*
2			Drug use: all causes		459 (416 to 501)	585 (535 to 635)	27·6% (24·0 to 31·4)*	4·1% (1·2 to 7·0)*	34 900 (29 800 to 40 400)	41 700 (35 300 to 48 200)	19·2% (16·8 to 21·6)*	3·2% (0·9 to 5·4)*
..				HIV/AIDS and drug-susceptible tuberculosis co-infection	14 (9 to 20)	8 (5 to 12)	−42·6% (−47·6 to −37·9)*	−50·7% (−55·2 to −46·9)*	700 (455 to 993)	412 (276 to 582)	−41·1% (−45·9 to −36·2)*	−48·8% (−53·0 to −44·7)*
..				HIV/AIDS and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis without extensive drug resistance co-infection	2 (1 to 4)	1 (1 to 2)	−44·0% (−58·8 to −22·3)*	−51·8% (−64·5 to −33·4)*	113 (68 to 176)	63 (36 to 103)	−43·9% (−58·6 to −23·6)*	−51·2% (−63·9 to −33·7)*
..				HIV/AIDS and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis co-infection	0 (0 to 0)	0 (0 to 0)	4·1% (−19·4 to 33·5)	−9·6% (−30·3 to 16·0)	14 (8 to 22)	14 (8 to 23)	3·5% (−20·2 to 33·2)	−9·4% (−30·0 to 16·4)
..				HIV/AIDS resulting in other diseases	71 (58 to 88)	56 (46 to 70)	−20·7% (−26·5 to −11·3)*	−31·5% (−36·4 to −23·4)*	3630 (2920 to 4520)	2880 (2340 to 3630)	−20·8% (−26·0 to −11·4)*	−30·9% (−35·5 to −22·8)*
..				Acute hepatitis B	1 (0 to 1)	1 (0 to 1)	26·1% (13·9 to 41·6)*	0·8% (−8·8 to 13·1)	19 (14 to 25)	23 (17 to 30)	17·8% (6·3 to 31·3)*	−3·0% (−12·2 to 7·9)
..				Acute hepatitis C	0 (0 to 1)	1 (0 to 1)	19·9% (2·2 to 41·8)*	−6·3% (−20·3 to 10·9)	15 (8 to 29)	17 (9 to 33)	13·2% (−2·4 to 33·2)	−7·6% (−19·6 to 7·1)
..				Liver cancer due to hepatitis B	3 (2 to 3)	4 (3 to 5)	44·0% (35·2 to 55·2)*	13·2% (6·4 to 21·4)*	85 (68 to 104)	112 (90 to 138)	32·2% (23·5 to 42·1)*	5·8% (−1·1 to 13·9)
..				Liver cancer due to hepatitis C	84 (72 to 97)	127 (110 to 144)	51·0% (44·1 to 59·6)*	14·6% (9·4 to 21·4)*	2040 (1760 to 2320)	2930 (2560 to 3310)	43·9% (37·8 to 51·0)*	10·9% (6·2 to 16·5)*
..				Cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases due to hepatitis B	3 (2 to 4)	4 (3 to 4)	25·6% (17·6 to 35·0)*	0·3% (−6·4 to 8·0)	103 (82 to 131)	121 (96 to 152)	17·4% (9·7 to 25·7)*	−3·9% (−10·2 to 3·1)
..				Cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases due to hepatitis C	137 (115 to 160)	175 (150 to 204)	28·4% (22·3 to 35·0)*	1·7% (−3·1 to 7·2)	4730 (3970 to 5520)	5800 (4920 to 6760)	22·5% (17·0 to 28·5)*	−0·6% (−4·8 to 4·2)
..				Opioid use disorders	62 (58 to 65)	110 (106 to 114)	77·0% (68·8 to 88·5)*	49·4% (42·5 to 59·2)*	16 400 (12 400 to 20 800)	21 500 (16 300 to 27 100)	30·8% (27·5 to 34·4)*	15·3% (12·4 to 18·3)*
..				Cocaine use disorders	5 (5 to 6)	7 (7 to 8)	42·2% (30·1 to 58·3)*	19·6% (9·2 to 33·0)*	833 (620 to 1090)	992 (747 to 1290)	19·0% (15·5 to 24·2)*	4·9% (1·9 to 9·3)*
..				Amphetamine use disorders	4 (3 to 4)	5 (3 to 5)	27·2% (0·8 to 41·0)*	8·6% (−14·0 to 20·6)	1120 (708 to 1670)	1180 (757 to 1740)	5·5% (1·5 to 9·4)*	−2·5% (−6·2 to 0·4)
..				Cannabis use disorders	..	..	..	..	496 (314 to 727)	518 (329 to 766)	4·4% (2·2 to 6·6)*	−3·7% (−5·7 to −1·8)*
..				Other drug use disorders	34 (32 to 37)	45 (43 to 48)	35·2% (22·8 to 46·1)*	11·3% (1·2 to 19·9)*	2560 (2130 to 3090)	3010 (2550 to 3540)	17·5% (10·9 to 24·0)*	3·5% (−2·2 to 8·9)
..				Self-harm by firearm	5 (3 to 7)	6 (3 to 9)	24·2% (16·4 to 31·8)*	8·2% (1·5 to 14·7)*	232 (137 to 378)	277 (165 to 441)	19·3% (11·8 to 27·0)*	6·7% (0·1 to 13·5)*
..				Self-harm by other specified means	35 (19 to 60)	36 (19 to 64)	3·1% (−1·8 to 7·1)	−10·0% (−14·0 to −6·6)*	1820 (1010 to 3100)	1820 (980 to 3180)	0·1% (−4·7 to 4·1)	−10·7% (−14·6 to −7·3)*
2			Dietary risks: all causes		9160 (8510 to 9810)	10 900 (10 100 to 11 700)	18·9% (17·0 to 20·7)*	−11·2% (−12·6 to −9·8)*	219 000 (203 000 to 235 000)	255 000 (234 000 to 274 000)	16·4% (14·6 to 18·1)*	−9·9% (−11·3 to −8·6)*
3			Diet low in fruits: all causes		2220 (1410 to 3180)	2420 (1480 to 3530)	9·0% (4·5 to 12·3)*	−17·4% (−20·6 to −15·1)*	60 200 (38 600 to 84 000)	64 800 (40 600 to 92 000)	7·7% (3·2 to 11·1)*	−15·7% (−19·0 to −13·1)*
..				Lip and oral cavity cancer	10 (0 to 21)	12 (0 to 26)	25·3% (17·0 to 1318·4)*	−3·7% (−10·0 to 1002·4)	269 (0 to 582)	325 (0 to 709)	21·0% (12·2 to 1198·1)*	−4·7% (−11·5 to 879·6)
..				Nasopharynx cancer	4 (0 to 8)	4 (0 to 10)	12·9% (5·1 to 1008·3)*	−12·1% (−18·1 to 739·6)	118 (0 to 259)	128 (0 to 284)	8·6% (1·0 to 946·6)*	−13·5% (−19·3 to 712·2)
..				Other pharynx cancer	6 (0 to 13)	7 (0 to 16)	28·4% (15·0 to 42·0)*	−1·3% (−11·5 to 9·0)	163 (0 to 373)	204 (0 to 458)	24·8% (11·9 to 38·3)*	−2·3% (−12·3 to 8·1)
..				Oesophageal cancer	82 (18 to 146)	83 (18 to 152)	1·7% (−5·1 to 6·4)	−22·9% (−27·9 to −19·4)*	1900 (430 to 3400)	1860 (399 to 3390)	−1·8% (−8·4 to 2·8)	−24·4% (−29·4 to −21·0)*
..				Larynx cancer	7 (0 to 15)	8 (0 to 17)	11·4% (5·2 to 218·8)*	−14·9% (−19·5 to 127·1)	183 (0 to 403)	199 (0 to 436)	8·4% (2·3 to 189·4)*	−16·0% (−20·5 to 104·4)
..				Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer	152 (64 to 261)	185 (77 to 320)	21·8% (16·2 to 25·8)*	−7·6% (−11·8 to −4·6)*	3470 (1460 to 5920)	4050 (1680 to 6950)	16·6% (10·9 to 20·6)*	−10·2% (−14·4 to −7·1)*
..				Ischaemic heart disease	822 (280 to 1440)	916 (306 to 1650)	11·4% (7·5 to 14·5)*	−16·1% (−18·8 to −14·0)*	19 500 (6770 to 33 700)	20 800 (7110 to 36 600)	7·0% (2·9 to 10·0)*	−16·2% (−19·1 to −13·9)*
..				Ischaemic stroke	376 (195 to 573)	406 (206 to 631)	8·1% (2·9 to 11·9)*	−18·8% (−22·6 to −16·1)*	9860 (5310 to 14 600)	11 200 (5800 to 16 900)	13·6% (7·8 to 18·1)*	−12·4% (−16·7 to −9·1)*
..				Intracerebral haemorrhage	615 (338 to 933)	624 (331 to 972)	1·4% (−3·8 to 5·2)	−22·3% (−26·2 to −19·5)*	16 700 (9480 to 24 800)	16 800 (9210 to 25 400)	0·4% (−4·6 to 4·0)	−21·2% (−24·8 to −18·5)*
..				Subarachnoid haemorrhage	92 (50 to 138)	99 (53 to 152)	7·5% (1·2 to 13·4)*	−15·8% (−20·4 to −11·2)*	3160 (1770 to 4650)	3330 (1820 to 5020)	5·2% (−0·2 to 10·5)	−15·1% (−19·3 to −11·0)*
..				Type 2 diabetes mellitus	60 (12 to 112)	80 (15 to 151)	32·1% (27·1 to 36·2)*	−0·6% (−4·2 to 2·4)	4880 (928 to 9240)	5900 (1090 to 11 300)	21·0% (15·1 to 26·1)*	−3·5% (−7·9 to 0·4)
3			Diet low in vegetables: all causes		1390 (715 to 2240)	1460 (732 to 2400)	5·3% (−0·8 to 9·7)	−20·7% (−25·2 to −17·7)*	33 600 (17 900 to 53 300)	34 200 (17 700 to 55 700)	1·8% (−4·0 to 6·1)	−20·4% (−24·8 to −17·3)*
..				Ischaemic heart disease	947 (370 to 1660)	1020 (396 to 1830)	8·2% (3·0 to 12·0)*	−19·1% (−23·0 to −16·3)*	21 400 (8520 to 37 400)	22 100 (8730 to 39 400)	3·2% (−2·2 to 7·2)	−19·5% (−23·5 to −16·4)*
..				Ischaemic stroke	150 (36 to 280)	154 (36 to 297)	3·1% (−3·3 to 8·1)	−22·6% (−27·4 to −19·0)*	3920 (970 to 7330)	4170 (1010 to 8090)	6·2% (−0·9 to 12·0)	−17·9% (−23·3 to −13·6)*
..				Intracerebral haemorrhage	252 (71 to 474)	243 (66 to 469)	−3·6% (−10·4 to 1·4)	−26·1% (−31·2 to −22·4)*	6910 (1970 to 12 900)	6550 (1800 to 12 500)	−5·2% (−11·5 to −0·5)*	−25·4% (−30·3 to −21·9)*
..				Subarachnoid haemorrhage	39 (11 to 73)	41 (11 to 78)	3·3% (−3·2 to 9·3)	−18·8% (−23·8 to −14·2)*	1360 (381 to 2530)	1380 (371 to 2580)	1·0% (−4·9 to 6·4)	−18·4% (−22·9 to −14·1)*
3			Diet low in legumes: all causes		481 (192 to 819)	535 (214 to 909)	11·2% (9·2 to 13·0)*	−17·3% (−18·8 to −16·0)*	10 600 (4280 to 18 000)	11 000 (4390 to 18 700)	3·3% (0·9 to 5·5)*	−19·3% (−21·1 to −17·6)*
..				Ischaemic heart disease	481 (192 to 819)	535 (214 to 909)	11·2% (9·2 to 13·0)*	−17·3% (−18·8 to −16·0)*	10 600 (4280 to 18 000)	11 000 (4390 to 18 700)	3·3% (0·9 to 5·5)*	−19·3% (−21·1 to −17·6)*
3			Diet low in whole grains: all causes		2630 (1820 to 3490)	3070 (2110 to 4120)	16·7% (14·6 to 18·5)*	−12·2% (−13·6 to −10·8)*	71 500 (51 300 to 93 800)	82 500 (59 000 to 109 000)	15·5% (13·2 to 17·6)*	−9·7% (−11·4 to −8·1)*
..				Ischaemic heart disease	1510 (890 to 2170)	1780 (1050 to 2570)	18·4% (16·4 to 20·2)*	−11·5% (−12·9 to −10·2)*	34 300 (20 600 to 48 800)	39 100 (23 300 to 55 700)	13·9% (11·9 to 15·9)*	−11·2% (−12·8 to −9·7)*
..				Ischaemic stroke	363 (241 to 501)	418 (276 to 580)	15·1% (12·5 to 17·6)*	−13·6% (−15·5 to −11·8)*	9870 (6680 to 13 500)	12 000 (8050 to 16 400)	21·3% (18·0 to 24·4)*	−6·4% (−9·0 to −4·0)*
..				Intracerebral haemorrhage	550 (368 to 745)	597 (401 to 813)	8·5% (5·5 to 11·2)*	−16·9% (−19·2 to −14·9)*	14 900 (10 100 to 20 100)	16 000 (10 800 to 21 400)	7·0% (4·1 to 9·7)*	−16·0% (−18·3 to −14·0)*
..				Subarachnoid haemorrhage	86 (58 to 118)	98 (66 to 134)	13·6% (8·2 to 19·1)*	−11·1% (−15·3 to −7·0)*	2960 (2010 to 3950)	3280 (2240 to 4410)	11·0% (6·5 to 15·6)*	−10·7% (−14·3 to −7·1)*
..				Type 2 diabetes mellitus	122 (69 to 186)	169 (95 to 259)	38·4% (35·1 to 41·4)*	3·7% (1·4 to 5·9)*	9400 (4980 to 15 100)	12 200 (6400 to 19 400)	29·7% (25·6 to 33·9)*	2·8% (−0·4 to 6·0)
3			Diet low in nuts and seeds: all causes		1740 (1130 to 2410)	2060 (1330 to 2880)	18·7% (16·6 to 20·6)*	−11·2% (−12·7 to −9·9)*	43 300 (28 800 to 58 800)	49 900 (33 100 to 68 000)	15·2% (12·9 to 17·3)*	−10·0% (−11·8 to −8·3)*
..				Ischaemic heart disease	1660 (1070 to 2330)	1960 (1230 to 2750)	17·8% (15·7 to 19·7)*	−11·9% (−13·4 to −10·6)*	37 600 (24 500 to 51 800)	42 600 (27 300 to 58 700)	13·2% (10·9 to 15·2)*	−11·8% (−13·4 to −10·3)*
..				Type 2 diabetes mellitus	74 (36 to 116)	103 (50 to 160)	38·4% (35·4 to 41·3)*	3·9% (1·8 to 6·1)*	5700 (2640 to 9390)	7310 (3410 to 12 100)	28·2% (24·1 to 32·4)*	1·8% (−1·4 to 4·9)
3			Diet low in milk: all causes		96 (34 to 171)	126 (45 to 220)	30·6% (26·0 to 34·8)*	−1·9% (−5·2 to 1·2)	2140 (757 to 3770)	2720 (965 to 4730)	27·0% (21·9 to 31·5)*	−2·0% (−6·0 to 1·4)
..				Colon and rectum cancer	96 (34 to 171)	126 (45 to 220)	30·6% (26·0 to 34·8)*	−1·9% (−5·2 to 1·2)	2140 (757 to 3770)	2720 (965 to 4730)	27·0% (21·9 to 31·5)*	−2·0% (−6·0 to 1·4)
3			Diet high in red meat: all causes		17 (7 to 28)	25 (11 to 40)	47·5% (36·9 to 59·6)*	11·2% (3·0 to 20·4)*	880 (352 to 1520)	1310 (508 to 2250)	49·2% (36·7 to 63·8)*	17·8% (7·9 to 29·5)*
..				Colon and rectum cancer	11 (3 to 20)	16 (4 to 29)	45·7% (34·3 to 58·4)*	9·8% (1·4 to 19·6)*	262 (63 to 472)	378 (89 to 678)	44·3% (32·7 to 57·6)*	11·2% (2·6 to 21·2)*
..				Type 2 diabetes mellitus	6 (1 to 11)	9 (1 to 17)	50·8% (40·3 to 62·8)*	13·6% (5·8 to 23·1)*	618 (77 to 1200)	934 (113 to 1830)	51·2% (37·6 to 66·6)*	20·8% (10·1 to 32·9)*
3			Diet high in processed meat: all causes		125 (24 to 239)	130 (26 to 265)	4·3% (−5·0 to 13·2)	−22·3% (−28·9 to −15·6)*	3360 (1050 to 6120)	3570 (1260 to 6770)	6·1% (−4·4 to 19·4)	−17·9% (−25·9 to −6·9)*
..				Colon and rectum cancer	9 (5 to 15)	11 (5 to 18)	13·8% (6·4 to 20·3)*	−14·9% (−20·4 to −10·1)*	205 (107 to 330)	227 (114 to 373)	10·6% (3·0 to 16·9)*	−15·4% (−21·1 to −10·5)*
..				Ischaemic heart disease	105 (5 to 213)	107 (5 to 230)	2·0% (−9·8 to 10·2)	−24·0% (−32·5 to −18·0)*	2320 (120 to 4650)	2270 (111 to 4860)	−2·2% (−13·8 to 6·3)	−24·5% (−33·3 to −17·8)*
..				Type 2 diabetes mellitus	10 (5 to 17)	12 (6 to 21)	18·6% (6·0 to 29·7)*	−11·3% (−20·6 to −2·9)*	838 (404 to 1430)	1070 (490 to 1900)	28·0% (16·3 to 37·0)*	0·2% (−8·9 to 7·6)
3			Diet high in sugar-sweetened beverages: all causes		105 (13 to 206)	137 (20 to 264)	30·4% (23·2 to 52·7)*	−2·5% (−8·2 to 14·4)	3350 (981 to 5910)	4450 (1490 to 7700)	32·8% (24·7 to 54·4)*	4·7% (−1·8 to 23·1)
..				Ischaemic heart disease	92 (0 to 189)	117 (0 to 242)	27·4% (0 to 34·2)	−4·7% (−10·2 to 1·1)	2270 (0 to 4620)	2810 (0 to 5700)	23·7% (0 to 30·2)	−2·9% (−7·8 to 2·4)
..				Type 2 diabetes mellitus	14 (7 to 20)	21 (11 to 30)	50·5% (39·9 to 62·8)*	12·5% (4·6 to 21·7)*	1080 (570 to 1670)	1650 (852 to 2520)	52·0% (43·2 to 62·5)*	21·1% (14·0 to 29·3)*
3			Diet low in fibre: all causes		737 (433 to 1110)	873 (510 to 1330)	18·6% (15·9 to 20·7)*	−11·2% (−13·2 to −9·6)*	17 700 (10 400 to 26 500)	19 900 (11 600 to 30 400)	12·6% (9·5 to 15·0)*	−11·4% (−13·7 to −9·6)*
..				Colon and rectum cancer	84 (44 to 131)	106 (54 to 167)	26·0% (21·7 to 29·8)*	−5·8% (−8·9 to −3·0)*	1800 (926 to 2800)	2200 (1140 to 3470)	22·2% (17·2 to 26·4)*	−5·8% (−9·5 to −2·7)*
..				Ischaemic heart disease	653 (368 to 1010)	768 (429 to 1210)	17·6% (14·9 to 19·8)*	−11·9% (−13·9 to −10·4)*	15 900 (9030 to 24 400)	17 700 (9940 to 27 700)	11·5% (8·3 to 14·0)*	−12·0% (−14·3 to −10·1)*
3			Diet low in calcium: all causes		145 (91 to 205)	185 (116 to 262)	27·4% (22·5 to 31·2)*	−4·5% (−8·0 to −1·8)*	3150 (1990 to 4420)	3890 (2450 to 5480)	23·7% (18·1 to 27·9)*	−4·7% (−8·9 to −1·5)*
..				Colon and rectum cancer	145 (91 to 205)	185 (116 to 262)	27·4% (22·5 to 31·2)*	−4·5% (−8·0 to −1·8)*	3150 (1990 to 4420)	3890 (2450 to 5480)	23·7% (18·1 to 27·9)*	−4·7% (−8·9 to −1·5)*
3			Diet low in seafood omega 3 fatty acids: all causes		1220 (565 to 2000)	1440 (667 to 2380)	18·4% (16·3 to 20·2)*	−10·8% (−12·4 to −9·5)*	28 200 (13 300 to 45 600)	32 400 (15 200 to 52 700)	14·9% (12·8 to 17·0)*	−10·3% (−12·0 to −8·8)*
..				Ischaemic heart disease	1220 (565 to 2000)	1440 (667 to 2380)	18·4% (16·3 to 20·2)*	−10·8% (−12·4 to −9·5)*	28 200 (13 300 to 45 600)	32 400 (15 200 to 52 700)	14·9% (12·8 to 17·0)*	−10·3% (−12·0 to −8·8)*
3			Diet low in polyunsaturated fatty acids: all causes		676 (288 to 1110)	799 (343 to 1310)	18·3% (15·7 to 20·8)*	−11·3% (−13·1 to −9·5)*	15 700 (6740 to 25 500)	17 900 (7770 to 29 000)	13·7% (11·3 to 16·2)*	−11·0% (−12·8 to −9·1)*
..				Ischaemic heart disease	676 (288 to 1110)	799 (343 to 1310)	18·3% (15·7 to 20·8)*	−11·3% (−13·1 to −9·5)*	15 700 (6740 to 25 500)	17 900 (7770 to 29 000)	13·7% (11·3 to 16·2)*	−11·0% (−12·8 to −9·1)*
3			Diet high in trans fatty acids: all causes		250 (93 to 519)	258 (80 to 577)	3·2% (−14·0 to 10·5)	−23·1% (−36·5 to −17·4)*	6050 (2180 to 12 800)	6160 (1870 to 13 800)	1·9% (−14·3 to 8·6)	−20·3% (−33·2 to −15·0)*
..				Ischaemic heart disease	250 (93 to 519)	258 (80 to 577)	3·2% (−14·0 to 10·5)	−23·1% (−36·5 to −17·4)*	6050 (2180 to 12 800)	6160 (1870 to 13 800)	1·9% (−14·3 to 8·6)	−20·3% (−33·2 to −15·0)*
3			Diet high in sodium: all causes		2520 (1070 to 4370)	3200 (1420 to 5450)	26·6% (21·5 to 38·3)*	−5·4% (−9·4 to 4·4)	57 400 (26 500 to 97 000)	70 400 (33 600 to 118 000)	22·7% (18·0 to 32·2)*	−5·9% (−9·4 to 1·7)
..				Stomach cancer	295 (158 to 460)	327 (175 to 506)	10·9% (3·1 to 19·9)*	−15·8% (−20·4 to −9·2)*	6950 (3880 to 10 500)	7350 (4120 to 11 100)	5·8% (−2·1 to 14·9)	−18·2% (−23·3 to −12·0)*
..				Rheumatic heart disease	19 (7 to 37)	18 (7 to 37)	−0·8% (−10·5 to 6·8)	−23·9% (−30·6 to −18·7)*	583 (240 to 1130)	554 (222 to 1100)	−5·0% (−13·4 to 1·2)	−24·3% (−30·6 to −19·9)*
..				Ischaemic heart disease	963 (336 to 1870)	1250 (472 to 2350)	29·8% (24·0 to 47·4)*	−3·8% (−8·1 to 10·4)	20 000 (7450 to 37 200)	25 000 (10 300 to 45 300)	25·3% (20·2 to 40·6)*	−4·2% (−8·2 to 7·9)
..				Ischaemic stroke	318 (120 to 582)	421 (179 to 744)	32·5% (24·5 to 52·5)*	−2·1% (−8·2 to 13·6)	7270 (3110 to 12 300)	10 300 (4840 to 16 700)	41·2% (31·8 to 61·4)*	6·7% (−0·3 to 22·5)
..				Intracerebral haemorrhage	547 (261 to 912)	629 (305 to 1040)	14·9% (8·8 to 23·1)*	−13·4% (−17·8 to −6·7)*	13 000 (6660 to 20 900)	14 500 (7450 to 23 300)	11·5% (5·8 to 18·6)*	−14·2% (−18·4 to −8·4)*
..				Subarachnoid haemorrhage	66 (28 to 116)	82 (36 to 143)	24·0% (13·7 to 37·3)*	−5·6% (−13·3 to 4·6)	1900 (837 to 3310)	2240 (1020 to 3850)	18·1% (8·5 to 29·0)*	−7·8% (−15·2 to 0·3)
..				Hypertensive heart disease	147 (43 to 330)	236 (67 to 512)	60·1% (26·0 to 91·2)*	17·7% (−7·0 to 41·5)	3000 (1060 to 6130)	4380 (1590 to 8810)	46·3% (20·5 to 71·3)*	11·4% (−8·5 to 30·6)
..				Non-rheumatic calcific aortic valve disease	4 (1 to 10)	6 (1 to 14)	39·4% (29·6 to 48·8)*	0·3% (−5·3 to 7·3)	81 (22 to 172)	107 (29 to 225)	32·1% (24·2 to 40·3)*	−0·4% (−5·5 to 6·2)
..				Other cardiomyopathy	12 (3 to 24)	15 (4 to 32)	29·8% (21·3 to 35·7)*	−3·2% (−8·0 to 1·5)	292 (83 to 611)	366 (100 to 774)	25·6% (16·7 to 31·4)*	−2·2% (−8·8 to 2·5)
..				Atrial fibrillation and flutter	15 (4 to 30)	22 (7 to 45)	51·5% (45·3 to 67·2)*	7·7% (3·2 to 21·1)*	446 (165 to 848)	628 (244 to 1170)	40·9% (35·9 to 53·2)*	5·8% (1·9 to 16·2)*
..				Aortic aneurysm	11 (3 to 22)	14 (5 to 28)	27·8% (21·8 to 40·3)*	−4·4% (−8·7 to 5·6)	225 (75 to 447)	280 (98 to 552)	24·5% (17·8 to 37·2)*	−4·6% (−9·6 to 5·3)
..				Peripheral vascular disease	2 (0 to 5)	3 (1 to 8)	60·6% (34·7 to 93·7)*	15·8% (−2·4 to 42·0)	64 (18 to 139)	91 (26 to 195)	42·4% (29·0 to 57·9)*	6·5% (−3·2 to 18·2)
..				Endocarditis	4 (1 to 9)	6 (2 to 12)	36·0% (25·7 to 43·2)*	2·2% (−4·7 to 8·0)	103 (31 to 212)	132 (40 to 272)	28·3% (18·6 to 35·5)*	0·6% (−6·7 to 5·6)
..				Other cardiovascular and circulatory diseases	23 (7 to 48)	30 (9 to 60)	27·1% (21·5 to 41·6)*	−4·3% (−8·3 to 7·1)	832 (275 to 1680)	1020 (350 to 2040)	23·2% (18·7 to 31·0)*	−4·3% (−7·6 to 1·7)
..				Chronic kidney disease due to type 1 diabetes mellitus	6 (2 to 13)	8 (3 to 16)	19·7% (7·3 to 26·9)*	−5·8% (−14·3 to −1·4)*	231 (88 to 467)	262 (95 to 552)	13·2% (0·6 to 21·0)*	−9·0% (−18·4 to −3·8)*
..				Chronic kidney disease due to type 2 diabetes mellitus	31 (11 to 62)	44 (16 to 89)	42·0% (34·4 to 49·7)*	5·3% (0·1 to 11·4)*	743 (282 to 1460)	1000 (383 to 1990)	35·0% (27·8 to 41·0)*	2·2% (−2·9 to 6·7)
..				Chronic kidney disease due to hypertension	29 (10 to 58)	42 (15 to 84)	46·1% (38·9 to 56·9)*	6·9% (1·7 to 16·3)*	619 (223 to 1230)	847 (318 to 1650)	36·9% (30·2 to 45·0)*	3·8% (−0·8 to 10·4)
..				Chronic kidney disease due to glomerulonephritis	13 (4 to 27)	17 (5 to 36)	34·2% (27·5 to 42·0)*	1·7% (−2·7 to 8·4)	372 (126 to 756)	460 (156 to 946)	23·7% (16·5 to 30·2)*	−2·6% (−7·6 to 1·7)
..				Chronic kidney disease due to other and unspecified causes	19 (6 to 38)	25 (8 to 52)	36·3% (29·0 to 44·6)*	2·7% (−2·3 to 9·0)	664 (240 to 1340)	837 (304 to 1700)	26·1% (19·5 to 32·5)*	−2·1% (−6·6 to 2·3)
2			Intimate partner violence: all causes		151 (95 to 217)	71 (49 to 97)	−53·2% (−56·6 to −47·9)*	−59·3% (−62·4 to −54·6)*	10 300 (7270 to 14 000)	6700 (5150 to 8580)	−35·0% (−41·8 to −25·1)*	−43·0% (−49·0 to −34·3)*
..				HIV/AIDS and drug-susceptible tuberculosis co-infection	27 (13 to 44)	10 (5 to 16)	−63·0% (−66·7 to −58·0)*	−68·3% (−71·7 to −64·1)*	1280 (615 to 2110)	500 (248 to 802)	−61·0% (−65·0 to −55·5)*	−66·1% (−69·6 to −61·2)*
..				HIV/AIDS and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis without extensive drug resistance co-infection	3 (1 to 5)	1 (0 to 2)	−59·6% (−73·0 to −42·6)*	−65·4% (−76·9 to −51·0)*	127 (50 to 230)	53 (23 to 94)	−58·0% (−71·7 to −39·8)*	−63·4% (−75·4 to −47·8)*
..				HIV/AIDS and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis co-infection	0 (0 to 0)	0 (0 to 0)	−19·2% (−39·7 to 4·2)	−30·7% (−48·4 to −10·4)*	2 (1 to 4)	2 (1 to 3)	−18·7% (−39·5 to 4·3)	−29·3% (−47·3 to −9·1)*
..				HIV/AIDS resulting in other diseases	96 (51 to 148)	37 (20 to 58)	−61·3% (−64·4 to −58·2)*	−66·5% (−69·3 to −63·8)*	4890 (2580 to 7620)	1990 (1050 to 3100)	−59·2% (−62·4 to −56·0)*	−64·3% (−67·2 to −61·5)*
..				Maternal abortive outcome	3 (2 to 4)	3 (2 to 4)	−9·2% (−25·8 to 11·4)	−18·4% (−32·9 to 0·7)	162 (99 to 241)	144 (90 to 212)	−10·7% (−26·8 to 9·4)	−19·1% (−33·6 to −0·1)*
..				Major depressive disorder	..	..	..	..	1760 (1080 to 2660)	2000 (1240 to 3030)	13·7% (10·2 to 17·8)*	−2·9% (−4·9 to −1·0)*
..				Assault by firearm	5 (4 to 6)	5 (4 to 6)	−4·8% (−9·7 to 3·0)	−15·7% (−20·1 to −8·8)*	270 (209 to 328)	251 (203 to 309)	−7·1% (−11·7 to 1·0)	−15·9% (−20·2 to −8·5)*
..				Assault by sharp object	7 (5 to 8)	5 (4 to 6)	−17·2% (−21·1 to −10·6)*	−27·5% (−30·8 to −21·8)*	368 (291 to 421)	302 (244 to 352)	−18·0% (−22·1 to −10·6)*	−26·8% (−30·6 to −20·4)*
..				Sexual violence	..	..	..	..	712 (469 to 1040)	787 (520 to 1150)	10·7% (5·2 to 16·0)*	−0·8% (−5·3 to 3·5)
..				Assault by other means	11 (8 to 13)	10 (8 to 12)	−11·9% (−16·6 to −4·4)*	−22·6% (−26·7 to −16·2)*	733 (576 to 871)	669 (561 to 806)	−8·7% (−13·4 to −0·9)*	−19·0% (−22·9 to −12·2)*
2			Childhood maltreatment: all causes		7 (6 to 10)	8 (6 to 10)	6·6% (−0·6 to 13·9)	−12·6% (−18·5 to −6·9)*	4670 (3280 to 6460)	5210 (3660 to 7220)	11·6% (9·9 to 13·5)*	1·7% (0·3 to 3·0)*
3			Childhood sexual abuse: all causes		7 (6 to 10)	8 (6 to 10)	6·6% (−0·6 to 13·9)	−12·6% (−18·5 to −6·9)*	2380 (1670 to 3230)	2700 (1900 to 3690)	13·3% (11·2 to 15·6)*	−2·4% (−4·3 to −0·7)*
..				Major depressive disorder	..	..	..	..	1620 (1080 to 2300)	1860 (1250 to 2640)	14·9% (12·8 to 17·2)*	−1·0% (−2·9 to 0·8)
..				Alcohol use disorders	7 (6 to 10)	8 (6 to 10)	6·6% (−0·6 to 13·9)	−12·6% (−18·5 to −6·9)*	760 (528 to 1050)	836 (583 to 1170)	10·0% (6·2 to 13·6)*	−5·2% (−8·7 to −2·2)*
3			Bullying victimisation: all causes		..	..	..	..	2340 (1380 to 3660)	2570 (1540 to 3970)	9·9% (8·1 to 12·5)*	6·3% (4·5 to 8·8)*
..				Major depressive disorder	..	..	..	..	1110 (624 to 1800)	1210 (689 to 1940)	9·5% (6·9 to 12·6)*	6·0% (3·3 to 9·0)*
..				Anxiety disorders	..	..	..	..	1230 (732 to 1950)	1360 (815 to 2130)	10·2% (8·1 to 12·6)*	6·6% (4·6 to 9·0)*
2			Unsafe sex: all causes		1750 (1680 to 1830)	1030 (980 to 1080)	−41·2% (−43·2 to −39·2)*	−49·8% (−51·4 to −48·1)*	86 100 (81 700 to 90 600)	50 200 (47 100 to 53 400)	−41·7% (−43·8 to −39·4)*	−49·2% (−51·0 to −47·2)*
..				HIV/AIDS and drug-susceptible tuberculosis co-infection	330 (223 to 440)	153 (108 to 202)	−53·6% (−56·9 to −49·1)*	−59·9% (−62·8 to −56·2)*	16 000 (10 700 to 21 400)	7900 (5640 to 10 300)	−50·7% (−54·5 to −45·7)*	−56·6% (−60·0 to −52·2)*
..				HIV/AIDS and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis without extensive drug resistance co-infection	35 (20 to 55)	17 (10 to 26)	−51·2% (−66·3 to −31·0)*	−57·9% (−70·9 to −40·6)*	1690 (952 to 2650)	865 (513 to 1310)	−48·8% (−64·4 to −28·1)*	−54·9% (−68·6 to −36·8)*
..				HIV/AIDS and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis co-infection	1 (1 to 1)	1 (0 to 1)	−8·7% (−29·5 to 16·7)	−21·3% (−39·4 to 0·4)	43 (26 to 65)	40 (24 to 59)	−8·8% (−28·7 to 16·7)	−20·1% (−37·6 to 2·0)
..				HIV/AIDS resulting in other diseases	1160 (1020 to 1290)	590 (526 to 656)	−49·0% (−51·5 to −46·2)*	−55·7% (−58·0 to −53·3)*	59 800 (52 700 to 67 100)	31 700 (28 300 to 35 400)	−47·1% (−49·9 to −44·2)*	−53·4% (−55·9 to −50·9)*
..				Syphilis	2 (1 to 2)	2 (1 to 2)	2·9% (−11·3 to 18·4)	−17·6% (−28·9 to −5·0)*	124 (101 to 151)	132 (108 to 162)	7·1% (−0·1 to 14·1)	−11·2% (−17·2 to −5·6)*
..				Chlamydial infection	1 (1 to 1)	1 (1 to 1)	2·5% (−4·4 to 11·3)	−15·2% (−21·0 to −8·4)*	329 (205 to 555)	355 (219 to 606)	8·1% (5·1 to 10·6)*	−3·0% (−5·9 to −0·8)*
..				Gonococcal infection	3 (2 to 3)	3 (2 to 3)	3·7% (−3·4 to 12·5)	−15·0% (−20·8 to −8·2)*	290 (206 to 437)	303 (216 to 468)	4·5% (0·1 to 8·6)*	−6·1% (−10·7 to −2·1)*
..				Trichomoniasis	..	..	..	..	209 (84 to 454)	243 (98 to 524)	16·0% (14·2 to 17·7)*	2·2% (1·1 to 3·2)*
..				Genital herpes	..	..	..	..	207 (68 to 492)	247 (80 to 594)	19·8% (18·1 to 21·0)*	1·5% (0·8 to 2·3)*
..				Other sexually transmitted infections	2 (1 to 2)	2 (1 to 2)	0·2% (−6·4 to 8·4)	−15·9% (−21·6 to −9·5)*	385 (257 to 604)	416 (276 to 659)	8·1% (5·9 to 10·1)*	−2·6% (−5·0 to −0·7)*
..				Cervical cancer	219 (204 to 231)	260 (241 to 269)	18·8% (12·9 to 22·8)*	−7·2% (−11·6 to −4·0)*	7000 (6500 to 7340)	8060 (7530 to 8400)	15·2% (9·5 to 19·2)*	−7·0% (−11·6 to −3·8)*
2			Low physical activity: all causes		1030 (557 to 1640)	1260 (681 to 2010)	22·0% (20·4 to 23·7)*	−10·8% (−12·1 to −9·5)*	19 700 (10 500 to 31 300)	23 700 (12 500 to 37 300)	20·1% (18·0 to 22·1)*	−8·9% (−10·7 to −7·2)*
..			Colon and rectum cancer		26 (3 to 61)	33 (4 to 77)	27·3% (23·8 to 31·3)*	−5·2% (−7·9 to −1·8)*	525 (70 to 1230)	652 (89 to 1540)	24·1% (20·1 to 28·5)*	−5·1% (−8·2 to −1·2)*
..			Breast cancer		7 (0 to 17)	9 (0 to 21)	25·9% (20·8 to 30·5)*	−4·4% (−8·1 to −0·5)*	205 (4 to 470)	253 (5 to 575)	23·4% (17·7 to 28·5)*	−3·2% (−7·5 to 1·3)
..			Ischaemic heart disease		730 (346 to 1220)	889 (416 to 1480)	21·8% (20·1 to 23·3)*	−10·9% (−12·1 to −9·6)*	13 200 (6020 to 21 900)	15 400 (7120 to 25 700)	17·0% (15·2 to 18·7)*	−11·1% (−12·5 to −9·7)*
..			Ischaemic stroke		246 (86 to 456)	295 (103 to 547)	20·1% (17·9 to 22·4)*	−13·0% (−14·7 to −11·2)*	4410 (1520 to 8280)	5460 (1870 to 10 200)	23·8% (20·7 to 27·1)*	−7·4% (−9·8 to −4·7)*
..			Type 2 diabetes mellitus		26 (6 to 48)	36 (8 to 69)	42·5% (39·8 to 45·2)*	5·3% (3·3 to 7·2)*	1380 (300 to 2710)	1870 (410 to 3660)	35·8% (32·1 to 40·0)*	5·2% (2·4 to 8·3)*
1	Metabolic risks: all causes				14 100 (12 900 to 15 100)	17 600 (16 100 to 18 900)	25·0% (23·3 to 26·6)*	−7·3% (−8·5 to −6·1)*	346 000 (317 000 to 376 000)	423 000 (386 000 to 462 000)	22·2% (20·7 to 23·9)*	−5·4% (−6·6 to −4·1)*
2			High fasting plasma glucose: all causes		5140 (4150 to 6490)	6530 (5230 to 8230)	27·1% (22·5 to 31·7)*	−6·0% (−9·4 to −2·9)*	136 000 (115 000 to 160 000)	171 000 (144 000 to 201 000)	25·5% (21·8 to 29·5)*	−3·2% (−6·1 to 0·0)
..				Drug-susceptible tuberculosis	125 (80 to 176)	118 (73 to 166)	−6·1% (−14·1 to 2·4)	−26·6% (−32·6 to −20·1)*	4060 (2680 to 5580)	3740 (2400 to 5200)	−8·0% (−15·6 to 0·1)	−26·0% (−31·9 to −19·6)*
..				Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis without extensive drug resistance	14 (9 to 22)	14 (7 to 25)	−4·3% (−43·5 to 50·2)	−24·9% (−55·9 to 17·7)	464 (285 to 672)	428 (210 to 757)	−7·8% (−44·8 to 44·5)	−25·7% (−55·7 to 16·6)
..				Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis	1 (1 to 2)	1 (1 to 2)	21·5% (−12·2 to 68·0)	−3·6% (−30·3 to 33·2)	40 (24 to 58)	46 (26 to 73)	14·3% (−16·3 to 56·9)	−7·0% (−31·9 to 27·2)
..				Colon and rectum cancer	60 (15 to 129)	80 (19 to 172)	32·6% (25·5 to 41·0)*	−1·7% (−7·0 to 4·5)	1130 (269 to 2450)	1470 (352 to 3200)	29·8% (22·4 to 38·2)*	−1·8% (−7·3 to 4·5)
..				Liver cancer due to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis	4 (1 to 8)	5 (1 to 12)	44·0% (35·8 to 52·6)*	8·0% (1·8 to 14·7)*	74 (18 to 163)	105 (25 to 230)	40·8% (33·1 to 49·3)*	7·2% (1·2 to 13·9)*
..				Liver cancer due to other causes	3 (1 to 7)	4 (1 to 9)	26·5% (18·8 to 34·8)*	−3·9% (−9·7 to 2·4)	81 (19 to 174)	99 (24 to 217)	22·4% (15·2 to 30·7)*	−5·3% (−10·8 to 1·1)
..				Pancreatic cancer	27 (6 to 57)	39 (9 to 84)	46·3% (38·6 to 55·0)*	8·8% (3·1 to 15·1)*	502 (115 to 1090)	717 (163 to 1570)	42·9% (35·3 to 51·4)*	8·0% (2·4 to 14·5)*
..				Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer	119 (27 to 257)	154 (34 to 336)	29·6% (23·0 to 36·9)*	−2·5% (−7·6 to 2·8)	2420 (544 to 5270)	3050 (674 to 6710)	26·4% (19·8 to 33·6)*	−4·1% (−9·1 to 1·3)
..				Breast cancer	33 (6 to 73)	44 (9 to 99)	35·2% (27·9 to 43·9)*	1·3% (−4·2 to 7·6)	805 (153 to 1800)	1070 (205 to 2430)	33·5% (25·4 to 42·4)*	2·8% (−3·2 to 9·5)
..				Ovarian cancer	10 (2 to 23)	14 (3 to 32)	38·1% (31·3 to 46·3)*	3·1% (−1·9 to 9·3)	222 (43 to 521)	307 (61 to 718)	38·6% (31·6 to 46·9)*	5·6% (0·3 to 11·8)*
..				Bladder cancer	14 (3 to 31)	19 (4 to 42)	34·8% (28·0 to 42·5)*	−0·8% (−5·7 to 5·0)	246 (50 to 538)	320 (65 to 697)	30·1% (23·8 to 37·6)*	−2·2% (−6·9 to 3·4)
..				Ischaemic heart disease	1820 (1070 to 2930)	2270 (1340 to 3570)	24·9% (18·6 to 31·5)*	−8·7% (−12·8 to −4·2)*	32 500 (20 800 to 49 400)	39 800 (25 900 to 60 000)	22·7% (17·6 to 28·7)*	−7·2% (−11·3 to −2·5)*
..				Ischaemic stroke	504 (243 to 1010)	594 (301 to 1210)	17·8% (11·0 to 25·2)*	−13·8% (−18·0 to −9·1)*	9580 (5110 to 16 800)	11 800 (6500 to 20 100)	23·0% (16·2 to 31·1)*	−7·7% (−12·8 to −1·4)*
..				Intracerebral haemorrhage	529 (329 to 813)	591 (368 to 878)	11·7% (5·1 to 18·4)*	−16·3% (−21·3 to −11·4)*	11 300 (7280 to 16 500)	12 700 (8210 to 18 000)	12·9% (6·0 to 19·1)*	−13·9% (−19·4 to −8·6)*
..				Subarachnoid haemorrhage	72 (46 to 107)	88 (57 to 129)	23·0% (16·3 to 30·4)*	−7·0% (−12·3 to −1·3)*	1850 (1190 to 2730)	2280 (1460 to 3230)	23·1% (16·5 to 30·3)*	−4·6% (−9·7 to 0·9)
..				Peripheral vascular disease	12 (7 to 20)	19 (11 to 34)	61·8% (34·4 to 84·1)*	15·9% (−3·4 to 31·8)	278 (188 to 409)	402 (269 to 605)	44·8% (28·0 to 60·2)*	7·9% (−4·7 to 19·3)
..				Alzheimer's disease and other dementias	164 (37 to 353)	249 (58 to 532)	52·0% (44·2 to 60·8)*	4·6% (−0·9 to 11·0)	2060 (462 to 4440)	2940 (681 to 6340)	42·8% (35·7 to 50·9)*	2·5% (−2·6 to 8·4)
..				Type 1 diabetes mellitus	300 (276 to 326)	346 (319 to 371)	15·1% (10·5 to 19·0)*	−11·0% (−14·6 to −7·8)*	9370 (8720 to 10 100)	10 400 (9790 to 11 100)	11·4% (7·9 to 14·5)*	−9·8% (−12·8 to −7·2)*
..				Type 2 diabetes mellitus	716 (686 to 748)	1020 (986 to 1070)	43·0% (40·4 to 45·8)*	5·9% (4·1 to 8·0)*	42 900 (33 400 to 53 700)	57 400 (45 000 to 71 900)	34·0% (30·3 to 38·1)*	5·1% (2·3 to 8·1)*
..				Chronic kidney disease due to type 1 diabetes mellitus	63 (51 to 76)	77 (62 to 95)	23·2% (19·0 to 27·4)*	−1·2% (−4·0 to 1·2)	2440 (2010 to 2950)	2890 (2370 to 3500)	18·2% (14·3 to 22·3)*	−2·6% (−5·1 to −0·3)*
..				Chronic kidney disease due to type 2 diabetes mellitus	248 (219 to 282)	349 (307 to 396)	40·5% (36·4 to 43·6)*	4·2% (1·4 to 6·2)*	6050 (5290 to 6850)	8120 (7120 to 9250)	34·3% (30·9 to 37·2)*	2·3% (−0·2 to 4·2)
..				Chronic kidney disease due to hypertension	143 (100 to 181)	208 (150 to 255)	45·0% (37·7 to 53·6)*	4·8% (−0·2 to 10·9)	2670 (1880 to 3420)	3710 (2690 to 4650)	39·2% (32·0 to 47·4)*	4·4% (−0·8 to 10·4)
..				Chronic kidney disease due to glomerulonephritis	66 (46 to 85)	91 (66 to 116)	38·6% (31·3 to 47·4)*	3·6% (−1·5 to 9·7)	1600 (1100 to 2110)	2140 (1520 to 2730)	33·5% (26·6 to 41·2)*	3·7% (−1·4 to 9·6)
..				Chronic kidney disease due to other and unspecified causes	93 (64 to 121)	130 (93 to 165)	40·4% (33·1 to 48·9)*	4·2% (−0·8 to 10·3)	2800 (1920 to 3740)	3760 (2640 to 4880)	34·3% (27·0 to 42·4)*	2·8% (−2·6 to 9·0)
..				Glaucoma	..	..	..	..	46 (11 to 105)	61 (14 to 141)	32·7% (27·1 to 39·4)*	−1·1% (−5·4 to 3·8)
..				Cataract	..	..	..	..	503 (112 to 1170)	687 (153 to 1580)	36·7% (31·0 to 43·1)*	2·4% (−2·0 to 7·1)
2			High low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: all causes		3570 (2780 to 4450)	4320 (3330 to 5440)	20·8% (18·2 to 23·2)*	−10·6% (−11·8 to −9·4)*	81 000 (67 800 to 95 700)	94 900 (78 800 to 112 000)	17·2% (15·3 to 19·1)*	−9·3% (−10·6 to −7·9)*
..				Ischaemic heart disease	3140 (2430 to 3900)	3790 (2890 to 4730)	20·7% (17·9 to 23·3)*	−10·4% (−11·6 to −9·1)*	70 800 (59 400 to 82 400)	82 200 (68 600 to 96 400)	16·1% (14·3 to 17·8)*	−9·9% (−11·3 to −8·6)*
..				Ischaemic stroke	439 (177 to 893)	532 (211 to 1080)	21·2% (16·4 to 24·7)*	−12·1% (−13·6 to −10·2)*	10 200 (6160 to 16 900)	12 700 (7610 to 21 200)	25·0% (21·6 to 28·1)*	−5·0% (−7·5 to −2·1)*
2			High systolic blood pressure: all causes		8500 (7640 to 9340)	10 400 (9390 to 11 500)	22·8% (20·5 to 24·7)*	−9·0% (−10·6 to −7·6)*	182 000 (164 000 to 198 000)	218 000 (198 000 to 237 000)	20·0% (18·0 to 21·8)*	−8·0% (−9·5 to −6·7)*
..				Rheumatic heart disease	69 (46 to 106)	72 (48 to 113)	4·5% (−1·9 to 11·0)	−20·1% (−24·2 to −16·1)*	2070 (1420 to 3130)	2100 (1450 to 3260)	1·6% (−4·0 to 7·2)	−18·8% (−23·0 to −15·0)*
..				Ischaemic heart disease	4030 (3350 to 4740)	4890 (4030 to 5760)	21·2% (19·0 to 23·0)*	−10·4% (−11·6 to −9·2)*	80 500 (69 200 to 91 400)	94 800 (81 100 to 108 000)	17·7% (15·9 to 19·4)*	−10·0% (−11·4 to −8·7)*
..				Ischaemic stroke	1150 (900 to 1390)	1370 (1060 to 1680)	19·4% (16·5 to 22·7)*	−12·3% (−14·0 to −10·6)*	23 500 (18 700 to 27 700)	29 400 (23 400 to 34 700)	25·1% (21·9 to 28·4)*	−5·7% (−8·1 to −3·2)*
..				Intracerebral haemorrhage	1530 (1230 to 1800)	1730 (1400 to 2050)	13·5% (10·5 to 16·6)*	−14·9% (−17·0 to −12·8)*	34 700 (29 000 to 40 100)	38 900 (32 400 to 44 800)	12·0% (9·2 to 14·8)*	−13·8% (−16·0 to −11·7)*
..				Subarachnoid haemorrhage	215 (175 to 258)	258 (211 to 311)	19·7% (14·4 to 26·0)*	−8·8% (−12·8 to −4·4)*	6120 (5000 to 7240)	7140 (5900 to 8480)	16·7% (12·4 to 22·0)*	−8·4% (−11·8 to −4·3)*
..				Hypertensive heart disease	632 (516 to 676)	926 (681 to 995)	46·6% (26·3 to 59·3)*	7·5% (−7·3 to 16·3)	12 200 (10 100 to 13 200)	16 500 (12 700 to 17 900)	35·6% (20·5 to 46·6)*	3·7% (−7·9 to 11·8)
..				Non-rheumatic calcific aortic valve disease	24 (17 to 34)	33 (23 to 47)	35·5% (28·7 to 41·4)*	−3·2% (−7·4 to 0·0)	408 (317 to 514)	528 (410 to 670)	29·6% (24·4 to 34·3)*	−2·9% (−6·1 to 0·2)
..				Other cardiomyopathy	61 (47 to 76)	80 (62 to 101)	31·6% (27·0 to 35·9)*	−2·3% (−5·8 to 1·1)	1460 (1150 to 1770)	1890 (1490 to 2290)	29·5% (23·8 to 34·0)*	1·1% (−3·3 to 4·8)
..				Atrial fibrillation and flutter	70 (56 to 83)	100 (80 to 121)	43·8% (40·2 to 47·0)*	1·4% (−0·7 to 3·4)	1800 (1450 to 2210)	2410 (1930 to 2950)	33·8% (31·9 to 35·7)*	−0·2% (−1·4 to 1·1)
..				Aortic aneurysm	49 (39 to 59)	59 (47 to 72)	21·3% (17·2 to 25·5)*	−9·6% (−12·5 to −6·6)*	968 (801 to 1140)	1150 (952 to 1360)	18·8% (14·4 to 23·5)*	−9·0% (−12·5 to −5·4)*
..				Peripheral vascular disease	12 (7 to 22)	18 (10 to 33)	49·1% (24·9 to 66·2)*	7·2% (−9·4 to 19·7)	300 (186 to 457)	410 (257 to 632)	36·8% (22·9 to 49·1)*	2·1% (−8·0 to 10·7)
..				Endocarditis	20 (15 to 25)	27 (21 to 34)	36·5% (29·4 to 41·4)*	2·4% (−2·5 to 6·6)	478 (375 to 589)	629 (499 to 762)	31·6% (24·3 to 36·8)*	3·9% (−1·4 to 7·8)
..				Other cardiovascular and circulatory diseases	117 (100 to 137)	143 (122 to 167)	22·8% (18·5 to 26·0)*	−7·6% (−10·7 to −5·3)*	3840 (3170 to 4680)	4680 (3850 to 5660)	21·8% (18·8 to 24·2)*	−5·3% (−7·5 to −3·5)*
..				Chronic kidney disease due to type 1 diabetes mellitus	23 (16 to 33)	30 (20 to 42)	29·1% (24·8 to 33·1)*	1·0% (−2·0 to 3·4)	799 (524 to 1130)	999 (660 to 1410)	25·1% (20·6 to 29·2)*	0·4% (−2·4 to 2·9)
..				Chronic kidney disease due to type 2 diabetes mellitus	119 (85 to 154)	168 (120 to 217)	41·4% (37·3 to 44·6)*	4·4% (1·6 to 6·5)*	2710 (1930 to 3550)	3700 (2640 to 4840)	36·5% (33·1 to 39·4)*	3·0% (0·4 to 5·0)*
..				Chronic kidney disease due to hypertension	246 (216 to 276)	347 (305 to 391)	41·4% (37·4 to 44·2)*	3·2% (0·4 to 5·2)*	5550 (4900 to 6230)	7350 (6450 to 8220)	32·4% (29·0 to 35·0)*	2·1% (−0·3 to 4·1)
..				Chronic kidney disease due to glomerulonephritis	57 (40 to 77)	77 (54 to 103)	34·2% (30·8 to 37·5)*	1·4% (−0·9 to 3·3)	1560 (1060 to 2110)	1990 (1350 to 2690)	27·1% (24·0 to 30·1)*	0·1% (−1·8 to 1·9)
..				Chronic kidney disease due to other and unspecified causes	80 (56 to 103)	109 (76 to 142)	36·7% (32·6 to 40·3)*	2·4% (−0·3 to 4·6)	2670 (1850 to 3560)	3450 (2410 to 4620)	29·0% (25·8 to 32·2)*	−0·1% (−2·4 to 2·0)
2			High body-mass index: all causes		3470 (2110 to 5030)	4720 (2990 to 6700)	36·3% (31·9 to 42·5)*	2·3% (−0·9 to 7·2)	108 000 (69 000 to 153 000)	148 000 (98 600 to 202 000)	36·7% (31·5 to 44·5)*	6·8% (2·6 to 13·0)*
..				Oesophageal cancer	61 (20 to 121)	81 (27 to 153)	32·7% (24·0 to 45·1)*	0·3% (−6·4 to 9·8)	1470 (464 to 2860)	1900 (622 to 3530)	29·7% (20·9 to 42·0)*	−0·5% (−7·3 to 9·0)
..				Colon and rectum cancer	54 (29 to 84)	73 (41 to 114)	36·4% (32·2 to 41·7)*	2·4% (−0·8 to 6·4)	1210 (662 to 1880)	1640 (920 to 2500)	35·4% (30·6 to 41·1)*	3·9% (0·3 to 8·2)*
..				Liver cancer due to hepatitis B	26 (9 to 55)	40 (15 to 79)	56·1% (42·2 to 86·2)*	21·5% (10·8 to 44·8)*	794 (264 to 1690)	1210 (429 to 2390)	51·8% (37·3 to 82·8)*	20·7% (9·1 to 45·2)*
..				Liver cancer due to hepatitis C	21 (8 to 40)	31 (12 to 58)	52·0% (44·1 to 64·6)*	14·0% (8·0 to 23·3)*	467 (181 to 895)	705 (286 to 1310)	51·0% (42·5 to 64·4)*	15·2% (8·7 to 25·3)*
..				Liver cancer due to alcohol use	13 (5 to 25)	19 (8 to 37)	50·8% (43·4 to 61·8)*	15·0% (9·2 to 23·2)*	317 (123 to 630)	471 (189 to 905)	48·9% (40·6 to 61·0)*	15·4% (9·2 to 24·6)*
..				Liver cancer due to other causes	5 (2 to 10)	8 (3 to 15)	59·4% (47·8 to 80·2)*	22·7% (13·8 to 38·2)*	142 (52 to 285)	220 (85 to 413)	54·7% (42·4 to 77·2)*	22·0% (12·5 to 39·1)*
..				Gallbladder and biliary tract cancer	20 (10 to 34)	27 (14 to 44)	32·7% (27·8 to 39·0)*	−1·2% (−4·9 to 3·5)	422 (219 to 694)	561 (299 to 897)	33·0% (27·0 to 39·9)*	1·3% (−3·2 to 6·6)
..				Pancreatic cancer	19 (7 to 35)	27 (11 to 51)	47·2% (43·5 to 51·8)*	10·0% (7·1 to 13·6)*	398 (153 to 758)	577 (225 to 1090)	45·2% (41·2 to 49·9)*	10·7% (7·7 to 14·3)*
..				Breast cancer	26 (10 to 48)	40 (16 to 71)	54·8% (39·2 to 88·4)*	11·1% (−0·3 to 30·8)	487 (125 to 983)	817 (267 to 1530)	67·7% (45·5 to 153·1)*	16·2% (1·2 to 52·4)*
..				Uterine cancer	25 (17 to 34)	33 (23 to 44)	30·8% (25·9 to 37·6)*	−1·7% (−5·3 to 3·2)	642 (426 to 869)	842 (584 to 1120)	31·2% (25·5 to 38·8)*	0·7% (−3·5 to 6·3)
..				Ovarian cancer	4 (0 to 10)	6 (0 to 13)	34·5% (22·4 to 39·8)*	1·8% (−5·1 to 5·8)	111 (0 to 251)	149 (0 to 334)	35·1% (22·6 to 41·2)*	4·9% (−4·4 to 9·5)
..				Kidney cancer	20 (12 to 30)	27 (16 to 40)	36·7% (32·4 to 42·0)*	3·0% (−0·3 to 7·0)	464 (275 to 690)	619 (370 to 911)	33·5% (29·0 to 39·3)*	2·6% (−0·8 to 7·1)
..				Thyroid cancer	3 (1 to 5)	4 (2 to 7)	43·9% (37·0 to 51·7)*	9·3% (3·9 to 15·2)*	81 (39 to 136)	116 (57 to 191)	43·1% (35·6 to 51·8)*	12·2% (6·3 to 18·8)*
..				Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	9 (4 to 17)	13 (6 to 24)	40·2% (36·2 to 46·1)*	6·4% (3·1 to 11·2)*	238 (100 to 427)	330 (144 to 591)	38·9% (34·5 to 44·6)*	9·0% (5·6 to 13·6)*
..				Multiple myeloma	5 (2 to 10)	8 (3 to 13)	41·2% (35·8 to 47·8)*	5·7% (1·6 to 10·9)*	119 (52 to 210)	168 (75 to 291)	41·0% (35·4 to 47·9)*	7·7% (3·4 to 13·2)*
..				Acute lymphoid leukaemia	2 (1 to 3)	2 (1 to 4)	44·4% (35·2 to 52·4)*	15·2% (8·0 to 21·4)*	56 (26 to 98)	79 (39 to 135)	40·9% (31·9 to 49·9)*	17·0% (9·6 to 24·2)*
..				Chronic lymphoid leukaemia	2 (1 to 4)	3 (2 to 5)	25·5% (21·2 to 30·2)*	−7·8% (−10·9 to −4·2)*	48 (24 to 79)	60 (31 to 98)	25·9% (21·8 to 30·5)*	−4·9% (−8·0 to −1·4)*
..				Acute myeloid leukaemia	5 (3 to 9)	7 (4 to 12)	36·3% (31·4 to 42·2)*	4·7% (0·9 to 9·2)*	138 (67 to 231)	184 (92 to 303)	33·3% (27·8 to 39·6)*	6·2% (2·0 to 11·1)*
..				Chronic myeloid leukaemia	2 (1 to 3)	2 (1 to 3)	10·2% (6·3 to 15·6)*	−15·9% (−18·8 to −11·7)*	40 (19 to 68)	43 (21 to 72)	8·9% (4·5 to 15·0)*	−13·2% (−16·6 to −8·5)*
..				Other leukaemia	7 (3 to 12)	8 (4 to 14)	26·6% (21·2 to 34·8)*	−3·1% (−7·0 to 2·7)	175 (80 to 311)	215 (103 to 364)	22·9% (16·1 to 32·8)*	−1·8% (−6·9 to 5·6)
..				Ischaemic heart disease	1270 (750 to 1890)	1630 (985 to 2380)	28·0% (24·4 to 32·6)*	−3·7% (−6·1 to 0·0)	30 800 (19 100 to 44 100)	39 300 (25 300 to 55 000)	27·6% (23·6 to 33·4)*	−0·6% (−3·7 to 4·2)
..				Ischaemic stroke	259 (143 to 394)	324 (184 to 493)	25·3% (20·9 to 30·2)*	−5·4% (−8·2 to −1·8)*	7410 (4430 to 10 900)	10 100 (6190 to 14 600)	36·4% (31·2 to 43·2)*	5·3% (1·3 to 10·5)*
..				Intracerebral haemorrhage	487 (279 to 736)	622 (380 to 907)	27·7% (20·8 to 37·3)*	−1·2% (−6·5 to 6·4)	14 900 (8960 to 21 400)	18 900 (12 000 to 26 000)	27·0% (19·9 to 37·1)*	0·5% (−5·3 to 8·6)
..				Subarachnoid haemorrhage	93 (59 to 132)	119 (79 to 164)	27·6% (21·7 to 34·5)*	1·0% (−3·8 to 6·6)	3510 (2300 to 4800)	4420 (3010 to 5900)	26·0% (20·4 to 33·2)*	2·2% (−2·6 to 8·1)
..				Hypertensive heart disease	213 (118 to 332)	327 (176 to 522)	53·8% (36·3 to 65·3)*	13·7% (1·6 to 21·2)*	4690 (2930 to 6620)	6830 (4290 to 9600)	45·7% (32·0 to 56·2)*	12·3% (1·9 to 20·2)*
..				Atrial fibrillation and flutter	39 (22 to 61)	60 (34 to 93)	53·5% (49·2 to 59·2)*	6·6% (3·5 to 11·0)*	907 (487 to 1450)	1310 (712 to 2070)	44·6% (41·3 to 49·1)*	6·8% (4·3 to 10·3)*
..				Asthma	58 (28 to 106)	72 (38 to 126)	23·9% (13·7 to 38·8)*	−5·4% (−13·3 to 6·4)	2800 (1540 to 4510)	3550 (2050 to 5580)	27·0% (19·4 to 36·1)*	3·3% (−3·8 to 11·6)
..				Gallbladder and biliary diseases	24 (15 to 35)	34 (22 to 49)	41·8% (36·7 to 49·6)*	3·6% (−0·2 to 9·4)	453 (282 to 653)	611 (391 to 866)	35·0% (28·5 to 44·2)*	4·0% (−0·9 to 10·9)
..				Alzheimer's disease and other dementias	207 (77 to 395)	319 (121 to 599)	54·1% (49·4 to 61·7)*	5·8% (2·0 to 11·7)*	2640 (1030 to 5050)	3900 (1580 to 7270)	47·6% (43·1 to 54·7)*	5·9% (2·4 to 11·6)*
..				Type 1 diabetes mellitus	271 (186 to 363)	422 (299 to 552)	55·7% (49·7 to 64·0)*	16·6% (12·0 to 23·0)*	20 600 (13 500 to 29 500)	31 100 (21 400 to 43 000)	50·7% (42·7 to 61·5)*	19·3% (13·0 to 27·8)*
..				Chronic kidney disease due to type 2 diabetes mellitus	67 (32 to 112)	109 (54 to 177)	62·3% (52·2 to 75·4)*	20·2% (13·8 to 29·2)*	1800 (857 to 2940)	2840 (1400 to 4450)	58·2% (48·9 to 71·5)*	19·4% (13·3 to 27·9)*
..				Chronic kidney disease due to hypertension	63 (27 to 116)	100 (44 to 180)	59·0% (50·2 to 70·2)*	15·9% (10·3 to 26·0)*	1510 (725 to 2590)	2330 (1180 to 3780)	54·7% (45·4 to 67·0)*	17·4% (11·4 to 26·3)*
..				Chronic kidney disease due to glomerulonephritis	37 (17 to 62)	55 (26 to 90)	47·0% (38·4 to 58·2)*	11·9% (7·5 to 18·0)*	1160 (451 to 2030)	1650 (692 to 2760)	42·0% (33·8 to 54·8)*	12·3% (7·8 to 18·7)*
..				Chronic kidney disease due to other and unspecified causes	48 (22 to 80)	75 (35 to 120)	53·7% (44·5 to 66·6)*	16·0% (10·4 to 24·2)*	1850 (806 to 3110)	2710 (1260 to 4380)	46·9% (38·5 to 59·5)*	14·4% (8·7 to 22·4)*
..				Cataract	..	..	..	..	304 (130 to 581)	456 (207 to 847)	49·9% (43·0 to 61·0)*	13·2% (7·9 to 21·8)*
..				Osteoarthritis	..	..	..	..	1360 (520 to 2920)	2030 (801 to 4370)	49·2% (43·8 to 58·0)*	14·3% (10·2 to 21·0)*
..				Low back pain	..	..	..	..	3250 (1690 to 5610)	4370 (2350 to 7400)	34·4% (30·1 to 40·1)*	9·1% (5·8 to 13·4)*
..				Gout	..	..	..	..	284 (142 to 490)	419 (216 to 706)	47·8% (42·8 to 55·0)*	15·6% (11·8 to 21·2)*
2			Low bone mineral density: all causes		245 (226 to 256)	327 (308 to 347)	33·7% (27·2 to 41·0)*	−2·7% (−7·3 to 2·6)	7850 (6660 to 9210)	10 300 (8690 to 12 200)	31·5% (28·1 to 34·8)*	−0·9% (−3·3 to 1·5)
..				Pedestrian road injuries	29 (28 to 32)	33 (31 to 36)	13·9% (5·3 to 19·6)*	−14·5% (−21·1 to −10·2)*	780 (704 to 857)	886 (792 to 981)	13·6% (6·5 to 18·8)*	−12·5% (−18·1 to −8·7)*
..				Cyclist road injuries	3 (3 to 4)	4 (4 to 4)	27·6% (17·0 to 36·2)*	−2·4% (−10·7 to 4·1)	166 (135 to 198)	218 (177 to 263)	31·6% (25·8 to 36·5)*	1·4% (−2·9 to 5·0)
..				Motorcyclist road injuries	6 (5 to 7)	8 (7 to 9)	25·9% (7·9 to 36·3)*	−1·5% (−15·6 to 6·7)	319 (269 to 373)	406 (334 to 483)	27·2% (16·4 to 33·6)*	0·3% (−8·2 to 5·1)
..				Motor vehicle road injuries	18 (17 to 20)	22 (19 to 24)	17·1% (8·4 to 21·8)*	−10·8% (−17·6 to −7·3)*	610 (534 to 683)	709 (615 to 800)	16·3% (9·9 to 20·1)*	−9·6% (−14·6 to −6·9)*
..				Other road injuries	1 (1 to 1)	1 (1 to 1)	18·1% (7·6 to 36·0)*	−10·9% (−19·0 to 2·2)	84 (64 to 109)	132 (99 to 175)	57·0% (51·0 to 62·7)*	19·2% (14·8 to 23·3)*
..				Other transport injuries	8 (7 to 9)	9 (8 to 10)	18·6% (13·6 to 27·6)*	−9·4% (−13·3 to −2·5)*	481 (397 to 585)	616 (500 to 762)	28·1% (24·6 to 32·0)*	−1·1% (−3·6 to 1·8)
..				Falls	169 (154 to 176)	238 (223 to 256)	41·1% (32·6 to 52·0)*	0·6% (−5·3 to 8·2)	4810 (4010 to 5760)	6590 (5500 to 7860)	37·0% (32·6 to 42·2)*	1·5% (−1·6 to 5·3)
..				Other exposure to mechanical forces	7 (6 to 8)	9 (7 to 10)	21·4% (15·6 to 27·3)*	−9·0% (−13·2 to −4·4)*	443 (347 to 562)	582 (447 to 752)	31·5% (27·8 to 34·8)*	0·9% (−1·6 to 3·2)
..				Non-venomous animal contact	1 (0 to 1)	1 (1 to 1)	17·9% (4·3 to 37·3)*	−11·3% (−21·4 to 3·2)	50 (36 to 69)	62 (44 to 88)	24·1% (17·5 to 30·2)*	−5·9% (−10·7 to −1·2)*
..				Assault by other means	3 (2 to 3)	3 (3 to 3)	7·2% (−1·0 to 13·8)	−17·8% (−24·0 to −12·7)*	114 (97 to 134)	132 (109 to 158)	16·1% (10·9 to 20·0)*	−10·6% (−14·3 to −7·7)*
2			Impaired kidney function: all causes		2040 (1880 to 2210)	2590 (2390 to 2800)	26·6% (23·6 to 29·7)*	−5·8% (−7·9 to −3·7)*	51 000 (47 300 to 54 900)	61 300 (56 900 to 66 100)	20·3% (17·9 to 22·9)*	−5·4% (−7·3 to −3·5)*
..				Ischaemic heart disease	716 (593 to 844)	882 (726 to 1050)	23·2% (17·7 to 28·8)*	−10·5% (−14·1 to −6·8)*	12 500 (10 700 to 14 400)	14 900 (12 800 to 17 200)	18·9% (14·6 to 23·8)*	−9·7% (−12·9 to −6·1)*
..				Ischaemic stroke	187 (137 to 239)	223 (162 to 288)	19·0% (13·2 to 24·8)*	−12·9% (−15·9 to −9·9)*	3760 (3010 to 4550)	4650 (3750 to 5700)	23·7% (19·0 to 28·9)*	−6·6% (−9·9 to −3·2)*
..				Intracerebral haemorrhage	214 (175 to 257)	243 (199 to 293)	13·7% (9·2 to 18·0)*	−14·3% (−17·2 to −11·5)*	4970 (4090 to 5860)	5530 (4580 to 6550)	11·4% (7·6 to 15·4)*	−13·9% (−16·6 to −11·4)*
..				Peripheral vascular disease	6 (4 to 11)	10 (5 to 18)	52·4% (25·2 to 73·7)*	11·5% (−7·5 to 26·5)	184 (121 to 278)	257 (166 to 398)	39·9% (23·4 to 55·0)*	5·7% (−6·6 to 16·8)
..				Chronic kidney disease due to type 1 diabetes mellitus	63 (51 to 76)	77 (62 to 95)	23·2% (19·0 to 27·4)*	−1·2% (−4·0 to 1·2)	2440 (2010 to 2950)	2890 (2370 to 3500)	18·2% (14·3 to 22·3)*	−2·6% (−5·1 to −0·3)*
..				Chronic kidney disease due to type 2 diabetes mellitus	248 (219 to 282)	349 (307 to 396)	40·5% (36·4 to 43·6)*	4·2% (1·4 to 6·2)*	6050 (5290 to 6850)	8120 (7120 to 9250)	34·3% (30·9 to 37·2)*	2·3% (−0·2 to 4·2)
..				Chronic kidney disease due to hypertension	246 (216 to 276)	347 (305 to 391)	41·4% (37·4 to 44·2)*	3·2% (0·4 to 5·2)*	5550 (4900 to 6230)	7350 (6450 to 8220)	32·4% (29·0 to 35·0)*	2·1% (−0·3 to 4·1)
..				Chronic kidney disease due to glomerulonephritis	151 (132 to 172)	190 (165 to 217)	25·5% (22·1 to 28·8)*	−1·3% (−3·2 to 0·7)	5800 (5180 to 6450)	6600 (5860 to 7420)	13·8% (11·0 to 17.0)*	−4·4% (−6·3 to −2·4)*
..				Chronic kidney disease due to other and unspecified causes	212 (186 to 239)	267 (233 to 304)	25·9% (22·4 to 29·4)*	−1·4% (−3·7 to 0·6)	9580 (8570 to 10 700)	10 900 (9660 to 12 200)	13·3% (10·4 to 16·2)*	−6·0% (−8·0 to −4·1)*
..				Gout	..	..	..	..	135 (91 to 187)	191 (130 to 265)	41·5% (35·7 to 47·7)*	6·3% (2·1 to 10·7)*

Results are for both sexes combined. Data in parentheses are 95% uncertainty intervals.

^*Statistically significant increase or decrease. DALYs=disability-adjusted life-years.