Table 1.
Health-related goals, targets, and SDG indicators
| Health-related SDG indicator | Indicator definition | Currently measured by GBD | Further details | SDG target | SDG target used in this analysis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goal 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere | ||||||
| Target 1.5: By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social, and environmental shocks and disasters | Disaster mortality (1.5.1; same as indicators 11.5.1 and 13.1.1) | Death rate due to exposure to forces of nature, per 100 000 population | Yes | Existing datasets do not comprehensively measure missing persons and people affected by natural disasters; we thus report deaths due to exposure to forces of nature | Undefined | .. |
| Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture | ||||||
| Target 2.2: By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children younger than 5 years, and address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women, and older people | Child stunting (2.2.1) | Prevalence of stunting in children younger than 5 years, % | Yes | Stunting is defined as below −2 SDs from the median height-for-age of the WHO reference population. No indicator modifications are required | Eliminate by 2030 | ≤0·5% |
| Target 2.2 (as above) | Child wasting (2.2.2a) | Prevalence of wasting in children younger than 5 years, % | Yes | We have separated reporting for indicator 2.2.2 into wasting (2.2.2a) and overweight (2.2.2b). Wasting is defined as below −2 SDs from the median weight-for-height of the WHO reference population | Eliminate by 2030 | ≤0·5% |
| Target 2.2 (as above) | Child overweight (2.2.2b) | Prevalence of overweight in children aged 2–4 years, % | Yes | We have separated reporting for indicator 2.2.2 into wasting (2.2.2a) and overweight (2.2.2b). We used the IOTF thresholds because the WHO cutoff at age 5 years can lead to an artificial shift in prevalence estimates when the analysis covers more age groups. Furthermore, considerably more studies use IOTF cutoffs, which allowed us to build a larger database for estimating child overweight | Eliminate by 2030 | ≤0·5% |
| Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all at all ages | ||||||
| Target 3.1: By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100 000 livebirths | Maternal mortality ratio (3.1.1) | Maternal deaths per 100 000 livebirths in females aged 10–54 years | Yes | No indicator modifications required | Reduce to <70 deaths per 100 000 livebirths by 2030 | <70 deaths per 100 000 livebirths |
| Target 3.1 (as above) | Skilled birth attendance (3.1.2) | Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel (doctors, nurses, midwives, or country-specific medical staff [eg, clinical officers]), % | Yes | No indicator modifications required | Universal access (100%) | ≥99% |
| Target 3.2: By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children younger than 5 years, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1000 livebirths and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1000 livebirths | Under-5 mortality (3.2.1) | Probability of dying before age 5 years, per 1000 livebirths | Yes | No indicator modifications required | Reduce to 25 deaths per 1000 livebirths or lower by 2030 | ≤25 deaths per 1000 livebirths |
| Target 3.2 (as above) | Neonatal mortality (3.2.2) | Probability of dying during the first 28 days of life, per 1000 livebirths | Yes | No indicator modifications required | Reduce to 12 deaths per 1000 livebirths or lower by 2030 | ≤12 deaths per 1000 livebirths |
| Target 3.3: By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases, and other communicable diseases | HIV incidence (3.3.1) | Age-standardised rate of new HIV infections per 1000 population | Yes | We report HIV incidence of all populations and in terms of age-standardised rates | Eliminate by 2030 | ≤0·005 per 1000 population |
| Target 3.3 (as above) | Tuberculosis incidence (3.3.2) | Age-standardised rate of tuberculosis cases per 100 000 population | Yes | No indicator modifications required | Eliminate by 2030 | ≤0·5 per 100 000 population |
| Target 3.3 (as above) | Malaria incidence (3.3.3) | Age-standardised rate of malaria cases per 1000 population | Yes | No indicator modifications required | Eliminate by 2030 | ≤0·005 per 1000 population |
| Target 3.3 (as above) | Hepatitis B incidence (3.3.4) | Age-standardised rate of hepatitis B incidence per 100 000 population | Yes | No indicator modifications required | Undefined | .. |
| Target 3.3 (as above) | Neglected tropical diseases prevalence (3.3.5) | Age-standardised prevalence of the sum of 15 neglected tropical diseases, % | Yes | People requiring interventions against neglected tropical diseases is not well defined; thus, this indicator is revised to the sum of the prevalence of 15 neglected tropical diseases currently measured in the GBD study: human African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease, cystic echinococcosis, cysticercosis, dengue, food-borne trematodiases, Guinea worm disease, intestinal nematode infections, leishmaniasis, leprosy, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, rabies, schistosomiasis, and trachoma | Eliminate by 2030 | ≤0·5% |
| Target 3.4: By 2030, reduce by one-third premature mortality from NCDs through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and wellbeing | NCD mortality (3.4.1) | Age-standardised death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory disease in populations aged 30–70 years, per 100 000 population | Yes | No indicator modifications required | Reduce by one-third by 2030 | Reduce by one-third |
| Target 3.4 (as above) | Suicide mortality (3.4.2) | Age-standardised death rate due to self-harm, per 100 000 population | Yes | No indicator modifications required | Reduce by one-third by 2030 | Reduce by one-third |
| Target 3.5: Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol | Substance abuse coverage (3.5.1) | Coverage of treatment interventions (pharmacological, psychosocial, and rehabilitation and aftercare services) for substance use disorders, % | No | Prevalence of specific substance use disorders (opioid, cocaine, amphetamine, and cannabis use disorders), as well as alcohol use disorders, are presently estimated as part of GBD. Efforts to extract and synthesise data on coverage of specific interventions (eg, opioid substitution therapy) are currently in progress as part of the broader GBD study | Undefined | .. |
| Target 3.5 (as above) | Alcohol use (3.5.2) | Risk-weighted prevalence of alcohol consumption, as measured by the SEV for alcohol use, % | Yes | For this indicator, we include three categories of alcohol consumption because national alcohol consumption per capita does not capture the distribution of use. The SEV for alcohol use is based on two primary dimensions: individual-level drinking (current drinkers and lifetime abstainers, and alcohol consumption by age and sex) and population-level consumption (litre per capita of pure alcohol stock). The SEV then weights these categories with their corresponding relative risks, which translates to a risk-weighted prevalence on a scale of 0% (no risk in the population) to 100% (the entire population experiences maximum risk associated with alcohol consumption) | Undefined | .. |
| Target 3.6: By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents | Road injury mortality (3.6.1) | Age-standardised death rate due to road injuries, per 100 000 population | Yes | No indicator modifications required | Reduce by one-half by 2020 | Reduce by 50% |
| Target 3.7: By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies and programmes | Family planning need met, modern contraception methods (3.7.1) | Proportion of women of reproductive age (15–49 years) who have their need for family planning satisfied with modern methods, % | Yes | No indicator modifications required | Universal access (100%) | ≥99% |
| Target 3.7 (as above) | Adolescent birth rate (3.7.2) | Number of livebirths per 1000 females aged 10–14 years or 15–19 years | Yes | No indicator modifications required | Undefined | .. |
| Target 3.8: Achieve UHC, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health-care services, and access to safe, effective, quality, and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all | UHC service coverage index (3.8.1) | Coverage of essential health services, as defined by the UHC service coverage index of nine tracer interventions and risk-standardised death rates or mortality-to-incidence ratios from 32 causes amenable to personal health care | Yes | Tracer interventions included vaccination coverage (coverage of three doses of DPT3, one dose of measles vaccine, and three doses of the oral polio vaccine or inactivated polio vaccine), met need for family planning with modern contraception methods, antenatal care coverage (one visit and four visits), skilled birth attendance coverage, in-facility delivery rates, and coverage of antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV. The 32 causes amenable to personal health care, which compose the Healthcare Access and Quality Index, included tuberculosis, diarrhoeal diseases, lower respiratory infections, upper respiratory infections, chronic respiratory diseases, diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, measles, maternal disorders, neonatal disorders, colon and rectum cancer, non-melanoma skin cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, uterine cancer, testicular cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, leukaemia, rheumatic heart disease, ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, hypertensive heart disease, peptic ulcer disease, appendicitis, hernia, gallbladder and biliary diseases, epilepsy, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, congenital heart anomalies, and adverse effects of medical treatment. We then scaled these 41 individual inputs on a scale of 0–100, with 0 reflecting the worst levels observed between 1990 and 2017 and 100 reflecting the best observed during this time. We took the arithmetic mean of these 41 scaled indicators so as to collectively capture a wide range of essential health services pertaining to reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health; infectious diseases; NCDs; and service capacity and access | Universal access (100%) | ≥99% |
| Target 3.8 (as above) | Financial risk protection (3.8.2) | Proportion of population with large household expenditures on health as a share of total household expenditure or income, % | No | Comprehensive and comparable datasets on household expenditures on health as a fraction of total household expenditure or income are not currently available across all locations and over time. Efforts to quantify incidence of catastrophic health spending, at both 10% and 25% of total expenditure or income, for the full time series and locations included in the GBD study are currently under way | <10% or <25% of total expenditure or income | .. |
| Target 3.9: By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water, and soil pollution and contamination | Air pollution mortality (3.9.1) | Age-standardised death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution, per 100 000 population | Yes | No indicator modifications required | Undefined | .. |
| Target 3.9 (as above) | WaSH mortality (3.9.2) | Age-standardised death rate attributable to unsafe WaSH, per 100 000 population | Yes | No indicator modifications required | Undefined | .. |
| Target 3.9 (as above) | Poisoning mortality (3.9.3) | Age-standardised death rate due to unintentional poisonings, per 100 000 population | Yes | No indicator modifications required | Undefined | .. |
| Target 3.a: Strengthen the implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in all countries, as appropriate | Smoking prevalence (3.a.1) | Age-standardised prevalence of current smoking in populations aged 10 years and older, % | Yes | We report on populations aged 10 years and older | Undefined | .. |
| Target 3.b: Support the research and development of vaccines and medicines for communicable and NCDs that primarily affect developing countries; provide access to affordable essential medicines and vaccines, in accordance with the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, which affirms the right of developing countries to use to the full the provisions in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights regarding flexibilities to protect public health, and, in particular, provide access to medicines for all | Vaccine coverage (3.b.1) | Coverage of eight vaccines in target populations, % | Yes | Vaccines included DPT3, both doses of measles vaccine (one dose and two doses, reported separately), polio (three doses), hepatitis B (three doses), Haemophilus influenzae type b (three doses), pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (three doses), and rotavirus vaccine (two or three doses). We then used the arithmetic mean of coverage of these eight vaccines to calculate overall vaccine coverage of target populations. For GBD 2017, we made some methodological updates for this measure. We now assess coverage for all eight vaccines for every location-year rather than limiting the aggregate to vaccines expressly included in national vaccine schedules. This revision allows for greater comparability across locations over time and helps to avoid overly penalising countries for introducing and scaling up new vaccines. As a result, we were able to remove the 3 year lag that had previously been used for new vaccine introduction; its original utility was to provide a window in which coverage could be scaled up before it counted towards the aggregate. By replacing all location-year estimates with 0% coverage before a given vaccine's introduction, any amount of scale-up now contributes to improved overall coverage for this indicator. We also now take the arithmetic mean across the eight vaccines rather than the geometric mean to avoid over sensitivity to the 0% estimates for vaccines that have yet to be introduced in a given location-year and to provide a more easily interpretable measure of overall vaccine coverage | Coverage of all target populations (100%) | ≥99% |
| Target 3.b (as above) | Developmental assistance for research and health (3.b.2) | Total net official development assistance to the medical research and basic health sectors | No | Development assistance for health is currently assessed within a comprehensive, comparable analytical framework by source, channel, recipient country, and health focus area from 1990 to 2017; however, funding specifically for medical research (eg, research and development of vaccines and medicines, as described in Target 3.b) is not systematically available across source and recipient countries. Additionally, the appropriate assessment of country-level performance remains unclear (eg, whether countries that receive high levels of developmental assistance for medical research are equivalent, in terms of indicator performance, to countries that disburse high levels of developmental assistance for medical research) | Undefined | .. |
| Target 3.b (as above) | Essential medicines (3.b.3) | Proportion of health facilities that have a core set of relevant essential medicines available and affordable on a sustainable basis, % | No | Across all locations and over time, comparable data on the stocking and stock-out rates of essential medicines for all types of facility (hospitals, primary care facilities, pharmacies, and other health-care outlets) and facility ownership (public, private, and informal) are not currently available. In the absence of robust measures of stock-outs in both the public and private sectors across countries and over time, the measurement strategy for producing comparable results for this indicator is unclear. Furthermore, what should constitute a core set of relevant essential medicines is likely to vary by location based on its epidemiological profile, and thus work is needed to more precisely define what these core sets of relevant essential medicines should be given known disease burden, risk factor profiles, and health risks across countries. Lastly, the proposed indicator stipulates measurement of not simply access to a core set of essential medicines but also access to affordable medicines. No comprehensive and comparable datasets on the status of essential medicine affordability, in addition to their stocks, presently exist | Universal access (100%) | .. |
| Target 3.c: Substantially increase health financing and the recruitment, development, training, and retention of the health workforce in developing countries, especially in least developed countries and small island developing States | Health worker density (3.c.1) | Health worker density per 1000 population, by cadre and summed across cadres | Yes | Three health worker cadres—physicians, nurses and midwives, and pharmacists—currently comprise indicator 3.c.1; they are reported separately and summed across cadres in this study. Cadres are categorised based on International Standard Classification of Occupations 88 codes, against which alternative or earlier classification schemes and codes are systematically mapped to produce comparable and consistent measures of cadres over time and across locations | Undefined | .. |
| Target 3.d: Strengthen the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early warning, risk reduction, and management of national and global health risks | IHR capacity (3.d.1) | The WHO-recommended measure of IHR capacity and health emergency preparedness is the percentage of 13 core capacities that have been attained at a specific time (IHR core capacity index). The 13 core capacities are: national legislation, policy, and financing; coordination and national focal point communications; surveillance; response; preparedness; risk communication; human resources; laboratory; points of entry; zoonotic events; food safety; chemical events; and radionuclear emergencies | No | Comprehensive and comparable data for all components of the IHR core capacity index, for all locations and over time, are not currently openly available. Self-evaluations have been undertaken by some member states, with a subset followed up with independent assessments via the Joint External Evaluation process. To date, 23 countries have completed this process and made reports fully available out of a total of 43 completed Joint External Evaluations. An additional 30 countries are scheduled for assessment by the end of 2018. As these data become more openly available it might be possible to model regional and temporal trends to obtain estimates for outstanding countries, but this will likely necessitate creating bespoke covariates relating to policy status and types of surveillance system that are not currently reported in the GBD study | Undefined | .. |
| Goal 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls | ||||||
| Target 5.2: Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation | Intimate partner violence (5.2.1) | Age-standardised prevalence of ever-partnered women aged 15 years and older who experienced physical or sexual violence by a current or former intimate partner in the past 12 months, % | Yes | Data on exposure to subtypes of violence are not systematically available across locations and over time; we thus report physical or sexual violence by a current or former intimate partner | Eliminate by 2030 | ≤0·5% |
| Target 5.2 (as above) | Non-intimate partner violence (5.2.2) | Age-standardised prevalence of women aged 15 years and older who experienced physical or sexual violence by a non-intimate partner in the past 12 months, % | Yes | Data on exposure to subtypes of violence are not systematically available across locations and over time; we thus report physical or sexual violence by a non-intimate partner | Eliminate by 2030 | ≤0·5% |
| Target 5.6: Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights as agreed in accordance with the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development and the Beijing Platform for Action and the outcome documents of their review conferences | Female informed reproductive health (5.6.1) | Proportion of women aged 15–49 years who make their own informed decisions regarding sexual relations, contraceptive use, and reproductive health care, % | No | The proportion of women who make their own informed decisions regarding all three dimensions of this indicator—sexual relations, contraceptive use, and reproductive health care—are included in the Demographic and Health Survey series. Data availability for non-Demographic and Health Survey countries is unclear. The feasibility of measuring this indicator as part of future iterations of the GBD study is being considered | Universal access (100%) | .. |
| Target 5.6 (as above) | Reproductive health equal access (5.6.2) | Number of countries with laws and regulations that guarantee full and equal access to women and men aged 15 years and older to sexual and reproductive health care, information, and education | No | Across all locations and over time, comprehensive and comparable data documenting the status of laws and regulations regarding access to sexual and reproductive health care, information, and education currently do not exist. Compiling the past and current status of such laws and regulations might be possible; however, systematically assessing their depth or intensity, enforcement, and effectiveness in guaranteeing access to reproductive health care, information, and education might be challenging across locations and over time | Universal access (100%) | .. |
| Goal 6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all | ||||||
| Target 6.1: By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all | Water (6.1.1) | Risk-weighted prevalence of populations using unsafe or unimproved water sources, as measured by the SEV for unsafe water, % | Yes | Different types of unsafe water sources have correspondingly different relative risks associated with poor health outcomes; we thus report on the SEV for water, which captures the relative risk of different types of unsafe water sources and then combines them into a risk-weighted prevalence on a scale of 0% (no risk in the population) to 100% (the entire population experiences maximum risk associated with unsafe water) | Universal access to safe water (100%); 0% on the SEV for unsafe water | ≤1% |
| Target 6.2: By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations | Sanitation (6.2.1a) | Risk-weighted prevalence of populations using unsafe or unimproved sanitation, as measured by the SEV for unsafe sanitation, % | Yes | We have three mutually exclusive, collectively exhaustive categories for sanitation at the household level: households with piped sanitation (with a sewer connection); households with improved sanitation without sewer connection (pit latrine, ventilated improved latrine, pit latrine with slab, composting toilet), as defined by the Joint Monitoring Programme; and households without improved sanitation (flush toilet that is not piped to sewer or septic tank, pit latrine without a slab or open pit, bucket, hanging toilet or hanging latrine, shared facilities, no facilities), as defined by the Joint Monitoring Programme | Universal access to safe sanitation (100%); 0% on the SEV for unsafe sanitation | ≤1% |
| Target 6.2 (as above) | Hygiene (6.2.1b) | Risk-weighted prevalence of populations without access to a handwashing facility, as measured by the SEV for unsafe hygiene, % | Yes | Access to a handwashing facility was defined as having an observed handwashing station with soap and water available in the household | Universal access to handwashing facility (100%); 0% on the SEV for hygiene | ≤1% |
| Target 6.3: By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping, minimising the release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the amount of untreated wastewater, and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally | Treated wastewater (6.3.1) | Proportion of wastewater safely treated, %. UN Water defines this indicator as the proportion of total wastewater generated by both households (sewage and faecal sludge) and economic activities (based on International Standard Industrial Classification categories) that is safely treated. Although the definition conceptually includes wastewater generated from all economic activities, monitoring will focus on wastewater generated from hazardous industries (as defined by relevant International Standard Industrial Classification categories). | No | Across all locations and over time, comprehensive and comparable data containing information about total wastewater, as generated by both households and non-household entities (however they are defined), and wastewater treatment status do not currently exist. UN Water suggests that there will be sufficient data to generate estimates of global and regional levels of safely treated wastewater by 2018; however, in the absence of more country-level data, it is difficult to determine the representativeness of such global and regional estimates | Halve the proportion of untreated wastewater | .. |
| Goal 7: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all | ||||||
| Target 7.1: By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable, and modern energy services | Household air pollution (7.1.2) | Risk-weighted prevalence of household air pollution, as measured by the SEV for household air pollution, % | Yes | Existing datasets do not comprehensively measure population use of clean fuels and technology for heating and lighting across locations; we thus report on the exposure to clean (or unclean) fuels used for cooking | Universal access to improved fuels (100%); 0% on the SEV for household air pollution | ≤1% |
| Goal 8: Promote sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth; full and productive employment; and decent work for all | ||||||
| Target 8.8: Protect labour rights and promote safe and secure working environments for all workers, including migrant workers, in particular women migrants, and those in precarious employment | Occupational risk burden (8.8.1) | Age-standardised all-cause DALY rates attributable to occupational risks, per 100 000 population | Yes | This indicator is reported as DALY rates attributable to occupational risks because DALYs combine measures of mortality and non-fatal outcomes into a single summary measure, and occupational risks represent the full range of safety hazards that might be encountered in working environments | Undefined | .. |
| Goal 11: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable | ||||||
| Target 11.5: By 2030, significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people affected and substantially decrease the direct economic losses relative to global gross domestic product caused by disasters, including water-related disasters, with a focus on protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations | Disaster mortality (11.5.1; same as indicators 1.5.1 and 13.1.1) | Death rate due to exposure to forces of nature, per 100 000 population | Yes | Existing datasets do not comprehensively measure missing people and people affected by natural disasters; we thus report on deaths due to exposure to forces of nature | Undefined | .. |
| Target 11.6: By 2030, reduce the adverse per-capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management | Mean PM2·5 (11.6.2) | Population-weighted mean levels of fine particulate matter smaller than 2·5 μg in diameter (PM2·5), μg/m3 | Yes | No indicator modifications required | Undefined | .. |
| Goal 13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts | ||||||
| Target 13.1: Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries | Disaster mortality (13.1.1; same as indicators 1.5.1 and 11.5.1) | Death rate due to exposure to forces of nature, per 100 000 population | Yes | Existing datasets do not comprehensively measure missing people and people affected by natural disasters; we thus report on deaths due to exposure to forces of nature | Undefined | .. |
| Goal 16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development; provide access to justice for all; and build effective, accountable, and inclusive institutions at all levels | ||||||
| Target 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere | Homicide (16.1.1) | Age-standardised death rate due to interpersonal violence, per 100 000 population | Yes | No indicator modifications required | Undefined | .. |
| Target 16.1 (as above) | Conflict mortality (16.1.2) | Death rate due to conflict and terrorism, per 100 000 population | Yes | No indicator modifications required | Undefined | .. |
| Target 16.1 (as above) | Physical violence (16.1.3a) | Age-standardised prevalence of physical violence experienced by populations in the past 12 months, % | Yes | No indicator modifications required | Undefined | .. |
| Target 16.1 (as above) | Psychological violence (16.1.3b) | Age-standardised prevalence of psychological violence experienced by populations in the past 12 months, % | No | Indicator 16.1.3 involves three separate types of violence experienced by populations: physical, psychological, and sexual. Current data availability allows for reporting of physical and sexual violence as part of the GBD study, whereas substantial challenges remain for the measurement of psychological violence across locations, by sex, and over time. These include issues with self-report and recall periods; non-standard classifications and reporting of types of psychological violence; and overall minimal data availability on psychological violence, particularly among males | Undefined | .. |
| Target 16.1 (as above) | Sexual violence (16.1.3c) | Age-standardised prevalence of sexual violence experienced by populations in the past 12 months, % | Yes | No indicator modifications required | Undefined | .. |
| Target 16.1 (as above) | Safety walking alone (16.1.4) | Proportion of people who feel safe walking alone around the area in which they live, % | No | The Gallup World Poll, which is currently active in more than 140 countries, includes questions about reported safety while walking alone near one's residence. Pending data sharing and access to currently available data, this indicator will be included in future iterations of the GBD study | Undefined | .. |
| Target 16.2: End abuse, exploitations, trafficking, and all forms of violence against and torture of children | Child sex abuse (16.2.3) | Age-standardised prevalence of women and men aged 18–29 years who experienced sexual violence by age 18 years, % | Yes | No indicator modifications required | Eliminate by 2030 | ≤0·5% |
| Target 16.9: By 2030, provide legal identity for all, including birth registration | Birth registration (16.9.1; same as indicator 17.19.2b) | Proportion of children younger than 5 years whose births have been registered with a civil authority, by age, % | No | Currently, birth registration data reported to WHO do not fully cover all locations or years under analysis, and supplementary data sources, such as household survey data, are often required to estimate births and birth rates outside of high-income regions. Substantive data collation efforts would be required for birth registration by location and over time | Universal coverage (100%) | .. |
| Goal 17: Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalise the global partnership for sustainable development | ||||||
| Target 17.19: By 2030, build on existing initiatives to develop measurements of progress on sustainable development that complement gross domestic product, and support statistical capacity building in developing countries | Population census (17.19.2a) | Population census status within the past 10 years | Yes | Indicator 17.19.2 involves three separate country-level components pertaining to demographic and health data collection and monitoring: status of conducting at least one population and housing census in the past 10 years, birth registration, and death registration. Although these data collection and monitoring systems are interconnected, their actual status or functionality at a given time can vary. Thus, we have separated reporting on 17.19.2 into three indicators. For indicator 17.19.2a, census status was ascertained according to whether a population and housing census was conducted within the past 10 years for a given location-year or a population registry had been established. Census implementation was cross-checked against the World Population and Housing Census Programme online database | Census conducted within the past 10 years | .. |
| Target 17.19 (as above) | Birth registration (17.19.2b; same as indicator 16.9.1) | Proportion of countries that have achieved 100% birth registration, % | No | Indicator 17.19.2 involves three separate country-level components pertaining to demographic and health data collection and monitoring: status of conducting at least one population and housing census in the past 10 years, birth registration, and death registration. Currently, birth registration data reported to WHO do not fully cover all locations or years under analysis, and supplementary data sources, such as household survey data, are often required to estimate births and birth rates outside of high-income regions. Substantive data collation efforts would be required for birth registration by location and over time | Universal coverage (100%) | .. |
| Target 17.19 (as above) | Well-certified death registration (17.19.2c) | Percentage of well-certified deaths by a vital registration system among a country's total deaths, % | Yes | Indicator 17.19.2 involves three separate country-level components pertaining to demographic and health data collection and monitoring: status of conducting at least one population and housing census in the past 10 years, birth registration, and death registration. Although these data collection and monitoring systems are interconnected, their actual status or functionality at a given time can vary. Thus, we have separated reporting on 17.19.2 into three indicators. For indicator 17.19.2c, well-certified deaths were determined by three measures: completeness of death registration, fraction of deaths not assigned to major garbage codes (ie, causes that cannot or should not be underlying causes of death), and fraction of deaths assigned to detailed GBD causes | 80% of total deaths | ≥80% |
Detailed descriptions of the data and methods used to estimate each of the 41 health-related SDG indicators included in the GBD 2017 study are located in appendix 1. For the 11 indicators currently not measured by GBD, additional information about data and measurement needs are provided in this table. DALY=disability-adjusted life-year. DPT=diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus. GBD=Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study. IHR=International Health Regulations. IOTF=International Obesity Task Force. NCDs=non-communicable diseases. PM2·5=fine particulate matter smaller than 2·5 μm. SDG=Sustainable Development Goal. SEV=summary exposure value. TRIPS=World Trade Organization Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. UHC=universal health coverage. WaSH=water, sanitation, and hygiene.