Table 3.
Biomass of fish species correlating |r2| > 0.4 with the PCOA from inside versus outside the MPA, and shallow reefs versus MCEs. Depth and protection effects were tested using a permutational-ANOVA including latitude and site, with significant effects (p < 0.05) highlighted in italics. Model was of the form: species matrix ∼ latitude + protection × site × depth.
| family/sub-family/species | commercially valuable | shallow reefs |
MCEs |
depth effect |
protection effect |
depth : protection interaction |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MPA |
non-MPA |
MPA |
non-MPA |
||||||||||||
| mean biomass (g 150 m−2) | s.e. | mean biomass (g 150 m−2) | s.e. | mean biomass (g 150 m−2) | s.e. | mean biomass (g 150 m−2) | s.e. | pseudo-F | p-value | pseudo-F | p-value | pseudo-F | p-value | ||
| Acanthuridae | |||||||||||||||
| Acanthurus bahianus | X | 39.7 | 26.0 | 102.3 | 102.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 9.4 | <0.001 | 0.1 | 0.822 | 0.7 | 0.464 |
| Acanthurus coeruleus | X | 526.1 | 169.6 | 839.9 | 431.5 | 107.5 | 30.0 | 67.9 | 34.4 | 20.5 | <0.001 | 1.3 | 0.261 | 1.8 | 0.196 |
| Balistidae | |||||||||||||||
| Xanthichthys ringens | X | 23.3 | 23.3 | 114.1 | 26.0 | 76.8 | 45.1 | 46.0 | 9.4 | 0.0 | 0.955 | 2.7 | 0.108 | 5.2 | 0.025 |
| Chaetodontidae | |||||||||||||||
| Chaetodon capistratus | 15.1 | 5.1 | 71.5 | 46.5 | 18.3 | 9.2 | 21.1 | 11.5 | 4.0 | 0.047 | 2.8 | 0.095 | 2.7 | 0.109 | |
| Chaetodon striatus | 0.0 | 0.0 | 15.7 | 7.9 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.4 | 0.127 | 1.1 | 0.312 | 3.0 | 0.044 | |
| Prognathodes aculeatus | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 5.0 | 0.024 | 1.7 | 0.206 | 0.4 | 0.537 | |
| Haemulidae | |||||||||||||||
| Haemulon carbonarium | X | 22.3 | 15.0 | 51.4 | 51.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.7 | 0.223 | 0.0 | 0.957 | 0.6 | 0.533 |
| Haemulon macrostomum | X | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 21.0 | 21.0 | 1.0 | 0.875 | 0.0 | 1.000 | 1.6 | 0.125 |
| Haemulon melanurum | X | 309.0 | 309.0 | 271.1 | 165.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.524 | 2.4 | 0.106 | 1.4 | 0.295 |
| Haemulon plumierii | X | 13.9 | 13.9 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 27.3 | 27.3 | 0.0 | 0.949 | 0.0 | 0.964 | 1.6 | 0.305 |
| Haemulon sciurus | X | 42.5 | 26.0 | 32.5 | 23.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.4 | 0.234 | 0.6 | 0.483 | 0.0 | 0.913 |
| Labridae | |||||||||||||||
| Halichoeres garnoti | 17.5 | 7.3 | 95.7 | 55.8 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 4.9 | 3.9 | 32.6 | <0.001 | 1.9 | 0.171 | 20.7 | <0.001 | |
| Halichoeres maculipinna | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 0.4 | 0.848 | 0.0 | 0.923 | 1.2 | 0.344 | |
| Halichoeres pictus | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.2 | 0.073 | 0.9 | 0.377 | 0.0 | 0.917 | |
| Thalassoma bifasciatum | 12.7 | 2.9 | 34.9 | 14.5 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 20.2 | <0.001 | 0.1 | 0.801 | 5.2 | 0.024 | |
| Lutjanidae | |||||||||||||||
| Lutjanus analis | X | 62.4 | 62.4 | 61.6 | 61.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.855 | 1.0 | 0.340 | 0.6 | 0.522 |
| Ocyurus chrysurus | X | 210.6 | 117.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 64.3 | 64.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.372 | 1.1 | 0.309 | 0.8 | 0.415 |
| Pomacanthidae | |||||||||||||||
| Holacanthus tricolor | X | 0.0 | 0.0 | 33.7 | 23.6 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 19.8 | 10.0 | 0.1 | 0.821 | 1.2 | 0.284 | 1.0 | 0.355 |
| Pomacanthus arcuatus | X | 84.0 | 84.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 375.0 | 229.8 | 1067.3 | 539.1 | 2.6 | 0.110 | 0.3 | 0.626 | 1.8 | 0.192 |
| Pomacentridae | |||||||||||||||
| Abudefduf saxatilis | 44.1 | 38.4 | 107.2 | 107.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 37.4 | <0.001 | 0.3 | 0.576 | 5.4 | 0.019 | |
| Chromis cyanea | 123.7 | 37.4 | 7.6 | 6.2 | 31.0 | 10.9 | 15.2 | 13.0 | 6.5 | 0.012 | 0.3 | 0.628 | 7.4 | 0.007 | |
| Chromis insolata | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 73.1 | 24.1 | 64.3 | 22.5 | 18.3 | <0.001 | 0.1 | 0.768 | 0.0 | 0.892 | |
| Stegastes adustus | 15.7 | 10.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 5.8 | 0.012 | 5.4 | 0.021 | 9.9 | <0.001 | |
| Stegastes diencaeus | 14.9 | 7.9 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 20.0 | <0.001 | 0.5 | 0.474 | 9.6 | 0.002 | |
| Stegastes planifrons | 1.4 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.695 | 0.5 | 0.513 | 0.0 | 0.956 | |
| Scaridae | |||||||||||||||
| Scarus iseri | X | 108.1 | 52.7 | 61.0 | 31.4 | 52.4 | 24.1 | 14.7 | 14.7 | 4.2 | 0.046 | 0.1 | 0.815 | 0.2 | 0.689 |
| Sparisoma aurofrenatum | X | 124.6 | 42.0 | 288.4 | 231.0 | 106.7 | 46.1 | 133.3 | 81.1 | 4.1 | 0.044 | 1.1 | 0.313 | 0.7 | 0.424 |
| Sparisoma viride | X | 389.6 | 254.1 | 234.9 | 135.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 23.0 | 23.0 | 6.5 | 0.003 | 1.9 | 0.175 | 0.8 | 0.431 |
| Serranidae | |||||||||||||||
| Epinephelus adscensionis | X | 4.6 | 4.6 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.2 | 0.146 | 0.3 | 0.625 | 0.3 | 0.630 |
| Tetraodontidae | |||||||||||||||
| Canthigaster rostrata | 3.1 | 1.3 | 11.0 | 2.4 | 79.4 | 42.8 | 8.2 | 4.2 | 2.6 | 0.068 | 0.0 | 0.981 | 2.3 | 0.141 | |