Table 1.
Proximate analysis, HHV, and mass and energy yields of MNS and hydrochars.
| proximate analysisa (wt%) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| samples | VM | FC | ash | HHV (MJ kg−1) | mass yield (%) | energy yield (%) | energy densification | BET surface area (m2 g−1) |
| MNS | 77.68 | 19.81 | 2.51 | 18.78 | — | — | — | 0.2765 |
| MNS220–60 | 69.62 | 27.62 | 2.76 | 22.75 | 63.73 | 77.20 | 1.21 | 3.9012 |
| MNS220–120 | 66.81 | 29.91 | 3.28 | 23.99 | 56.81 | 72.57 | 1.28 | 5.3241 |
| MNS220–180 | 63.56 | 32.47 | 3.97 | 24.68 | 52.22 | 68.63 | 1.31 | 11.6548 |
| MNS180–120 | 71.58 | 25.44 | 2.98 | 21.67 | 72.42 | 83.56 | 1.15 | 2.6227 |
| MNS260–120 | 54.98 | 40.81 | 4.21 | 26.02 | 46.59 | 64.55 | 1.39 | 12.4125 |
aVM, volatile matter; FC, fixed carbon; HHV, higher heating value.