Figure 2.
Synchronization dynamics for pairs of model cilia in the absence of hydrodynamic interactions. Phase sum, 
, for (a) 
, (b) 
and (c) 
. In each case (starting with 
), IP (blue) and AP (red) synchronized states are obtained for 
and 
, respectively, over a timescale inversely proportional to 
. (d) Values of 
measured from numerical simulations (circles) compare favourably with equation (3.2) for sufficiently soft internal springs. Other model parameters as given in table 1. (Online version in colour.)