Table 3.
Association of Baseline Concentrations of TRAIL, OPG/TRAIL, Dkk1, and CTX-1 With 18 Month Change in Domain-Specific Cognition
| Biomarker | Biomarker (baseline cognition) | Biomarker × Time (annual rate of change of cognition) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter estimate† (SE) | p-Value | Parameter estimate† (SE) | p-Value | |
| Episodic memory | ||||
| TRAIL | −0.045 (0.104) | .669 | 0.113 (0.031) | <.001 |
| OPG/TRAIL | −0.002 (0.086) | .977 | −0.076 (0.024) | .002 |
| Dkk1 | −0.139 (0.192) | .469 | −0.076 (0.064) | .241 |
| CTX-1 | 0.109 (0.131) | .406 | −0.034 (0.041) | .408 |
| Semantic memory | ||||
| TRAIL | 0.142 (0.087) | .106 | −0.003 (0.030) | .919 |
| OPG/TRAIL | −0.135 (0.071) | .062 | 0.006 (0.024) | .806 |
| Dkk1 | −0.356 (0.158) | .027 | 0.123 (0.055) | .027 |
| CTX-1 | 0.032 (0.110) | .772 | −0.021 (0.038) | .574 |
| Working memory | ||||
| TRAIL | −0.031 (0.107) | .769 | 0.092 (0.038) | .016 |
| OPG/TRAIL | −0.026 (0.088) | .767 | −0.048 (0.029) | .104 |
| Dkk1 | −0.152 (0.194) | .434 | −0.165 (0.072) | .023 |
| CTX-1 | 0.027 (0.132) | .838 | −0.074 (0.049) | .133 |
| Perceptual orientation | ||||
| TRAIL | 0.194 (0.105) | .069 | 0.029 (0.047) | .539 |
| OPG/TRAIL | −0.162 (0.086) | .064 | −0.012 (0.036) | .732 |
| Dkk1 | −0.127 (0.196) | .519 | −0.148 (0.088) | .093 |
| CTX-1 | −0.113 (0.138) | .415 | −0.009 (0.063) | .885 |
| Perceptual speed | ||||
| TRAIL | −0.041 (0.027) | .124 | 0.057 (0.034,) | .098 |
| OPG/TRAIL | −0.059 (0.091) | .521 | −0.041 (0.027) | .124 |
| Dkk1 | 0.041 (0.203) | .839 | −0.114 (0.069) | .098 |
| CTX-1 | 0.026 (0.139) | .853 | −0.042 (0.044) | .342 |
Note: †The effect of a log unit change in biomarker concentration on annual rate of change in each cognitive domain from mixed-effects model adjusted for age, sex, and education. Significant associations are bolded for clarity.