. 2016 May 20;7(4):473–480. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2016.05.005

Table 2.

Blood parameters of oxidative stress, muscle damage, and hormonal profile determined at rest (before incremental exercise), 3 min post-exercise, and following 24-h recovery, before (Term I) and after (Term II) 4-week supplementation with PL or RR (mean ± SD).

Variable	Time	PL (n = 13)		RR (n = 13)
		Term I	Term II	Term I	Term II
TAC (mmol/L)	Rest	1.38 ± 0.06^a	1.50 ± 0.04^a	1.34 ± 0.06^a	1.63 ± 0.06^a^,^*
	Post	1.54 ± 0.05^b	1.62 ± 0.06^a	1.46 ± 0.02^b	1.54 ± 0.06^a
	24 h	1.48 ± 0.04^a	1.50 ± 0.04^a	1.40 ± 0.04^a	1.63 ± 0.11^a
SOD (U/gHb)	Rest	1143.1 ± 60.9^a	1000.4 ± 147.1^a	1132.1 ± 91.1^a	1007.5 ± 80.2^a
	Post	1395.4 ± 90.8^b	1140.9 ± 79.9^a	1225.0 ± 70.5^a	1201.6 ± 98.4^a
	24 h	1231.8 ± 95.8^a,b,c, ^a,b,c	988.9 ± 107.5^a	1266.0 ± 90.5^a	1217.9 ± 60.6^a
LHs (µmol/L)	Rest	2.48 ± 0.26^a	2.36 ± 0.26^a	2.42 ± 0.28^a	2.46 ± 0.25^a
	Post	3.48 ± 0.38^b	3.40 ± 0.41^b	3.43 ± 0.48^b	3.44 ± 0.34^b
	24 h	3.19 ± 0.56^a,b,c, ^a,b,c	2.55 ± 0.29^a,b,c, ^a,b,c	3.22 ± 0.62^a,b,c, ^a,b,c	2.48 ± 0.35^a,b,c, ^a,b,c
CK (U/L)	Rest	141.4 ± 17.2^a	122.6 ± 18.5^a	118.8 ± 12.1^a	110.0 ± 9.2^a
	Post	170.9 ± 18.8^b	126.1 ± 19.6^a	141.0 ± 16.1^b	119.6 ± 11.0^a
	24 h	161.0 ± 22.1^a,b,c, ^a,b,c	104.1 ± 9.2^a	123.6 ± 9.3^a,b,c, ^a,b,c	106.3 ± 10.4^a
C (nmol/L)	Rest	518.1 ± 25.2^a	507.3 ± 25.2^a	540.8 ± 19.3^a	552.7 ± 25.4^a
	Post	376.1 ± 34.5^b	390.6 ± 35.6^b	429.5 ± 43.7^b	376.4 ± 55.0^b
	24 h	480.0 ± 33.6^a	530.0 ± 25.9^a	484.6 ± 22.6^a,b,c, ^a,b,c	524.2 ± 25.7^a
T (nmol/L)	Rest	24.7 ± 2.1^a	26.5 ± 2.5^a	21.7 ± 2.2^a	21.6 ± 1.2^a
	Post	23.4 ± 2.3^a	27.8 ± 2.5^a	19.8 ± 1.9^a	23.9 ± 1.7^a
	24 h	24.7 ± 2.2^a	26.3 ± 2.8^a	22.5 ± 2.1^a	23.7 ± 1.3^a
T/C ratio	Rest	4.8 ± 0.5^a	5.3 ± 0.5^a	4.1 ± 0.5^a	3.9 ± 0.2^a
	Post	6.7 ± 1.1^a	7.7 ± 1.0^b	5.6 ± 1.1^a,b,c, ^a,b,c	6.7 ± 0.9^b
	24 h	5.3 ± 0.4^a	5.1 ± 0.7^a	4.7 ± 0.5^b	4.6 ± 0.3^c
GH (ng/mL)	Rest	0.2 ± 0.1^a	0.2 ± 0.1^a	0.3 ± 0.1^a	0.2 ± 0.1^a
	Post	13.7 ± 3.3^b	12.7 ± 5.3^b	14.5 ± 3.1^b	12.4 ± 3.7^b
	24 h	0.3 ± 0.1^a	0.2 ± 0.1^a	0.2 ± 0.1^a	0.3 ± 0.1^a

Abbreviations: C = cortisol; CK = creatine kinase; GH = growth hormone; LHs = lipid hydroperoxides; PL = placebo; RR = Rhodiola rosea; SOD = superoxide dismutase; T = testosterone; TAC = total antioxidant capacity.

^a,b,c

Values at rest, 3 min post-exercise, and after 24 h recovery (within the same group and at the same term) that do not have common letters are significantly different, Wilcoxon test, p < 0.05.

^⁎

p < 0.05 compared with Term I within group; Wilcoxon test.