Table 2.
Probability of prescribing erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) and intravenous iron therapy, and blood transfusions during post-FDA safety warnings (June 2011–September 2015) vs pre-FDA warnings (January 2009–May 2011)
| ESA | Intravenous iron | Blood transfusions | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted odds ratio | 95% CI | Adjusted odds ratio | 95% CI | Adjusted odds ratio | 95% CI | ||||
| Medicare | |||||||||
| After TREAT published | 0.69 | 0.67 | 0.72 | 1.03 | 0.94 | 1.12 | 1.14 | 1.06 | 1.23 |
| After FDA warning | 0.41 | 0.40 | 0.42 | 1.11 | 1.03 | 1.19 | 1.31 | 1.22 | 1.39 |
| Female (vs male) | 1.27 | 1.24 | 1.30 | 1.12 | 1.06 | 1.18 | 0.97 | 0.93 | 1.02 |
| Age | 1.01 | 1.01 | 1.01 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 1.01 | 1.01 | 1.02 |
| CKD stage 4 (vs stage 3) | 1.50 | 1.46 | 1.54 | 1.17 | 1.11 | 1.24 | 1.10 | 1.06 | 1.15 |
| CKD stage 5 (vs stage 3) | 2.22 | 2.13 | 2.31 | 1.39 | 1.25 | 1.54 | 1.41 | 1.30 | 1.53 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.22 | 1.19 | 1.27 | 0.93 | 0.87 | 1.00 | 0.79 | 0.75 | 0.83 |
| Hypertension | 0.90 | 0.88 | 0.92 | 1.01 | 0.94 | 1.10 | 1.00 | 0.95 | 1.06 |
| Heart failure | 0.90 | 0.88 | 0.93 | 1.12 | 1.05 | 1.19 | 1.35 | 1.29 | 1.42 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 0.90 | 0.87 | 0.92 | 0.91 | 0.86 | 0.98 | 0.94 | 0.89 | 0.99 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 1.00 | 0.97 | 1.03 | 1.10 | 1.03 | 1.18 | 1.10 | 1.05 | 1.16 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 0.90 | 0.88 | 0.93 | 1.10 | 1.03 | 1.17 | 1.22 | 1.17 | 1.28 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.01 | 1.09 | 1.07 | 1.11 | 1.17 | 1.15 | 1.18 |
| Nephrologist involvement | 1.33 | 1.31 | 1.37 | 1.00 | 0.95 | 1.06 | 0.97 | 0.93 | 1.01 |
| Commercial insurance | |||||||||
| After TREAT published | 0.55 | 0.53 | 0.57 | 1.04 | 0.98 | 1.10 | 0.93 | 0.87 | 1.00 |
| After FDA warning | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.27 | 1.06 | 1.00 | 1.11 | 0.94 | 0.89 | 1.00 |
| Female (vs male) | 2.21 | 2.14 | 2.29 | 1.57 | 1.51 | 1.63 | 1.49 | 1.42 | 1.56 |
| Age | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.01 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 1.00 |
| CKD stage 4 (vs stage 3) | 2.75 | 2.67 | 2.84 | 1.24 | 1.18 | 1.29 | 1.81 | 1.71 | 1.90 |
| CKD stage 5 (vs stage 3) | 4.34 | 4.15 | 4.56 | 1.40 | 1.29 | 1.54 | 2.12 | 1.92 | 2.34 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.39 | 1.34 | 1.45 | 0.96 | 0.91 | 1.00 | 0.71 | 0.67 | 0.76 |
| Hypertension | 1.01 | 0.98 | 1.04 | 0.98 | 0.94 | 1.03 | 1.06 | 1.00 | 1.13 |
| Heart failure | 1.05 | 1.00 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.03 | 1.18 | 1.79 | 1.68 | 1.91 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 0.84 | 0.80 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.83 | 0.96 | 1.00 | 0.93 | 1.08 |
| Peripheral artery Disease | 0.97 | 0.92 | 1.03 | 1.16 | 1.08 | 1.24 | 1.27 | 1.18 | 1.37 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 0.87 | 0.84 | 0.91 | 1.31 | 1.24 | 1.39 | 1.10 | 1.04 | 1.18 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 1.12 | 1.11 | 1.14 | 1.18 | 1.17 | 1.20 | 1.37 | 1.36 | 1.39 |
| Nephrologist involvement | 1.43 | 1.39 | 1.47 | 1.08 | 1.04 | 1.12 | 1.01 | 0.97 | 1.06 |