Table 1.
Main studies investigating the effect of MS-treated patients on regulatory B and T cells
| Authors, year of study | Origin/country | Treatment | Sample | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quan et al. (2015) | China | Rituximab | Healthy controls (n = 19) NMO patients (n = 9) | Tregs increased from 0.3 to 1.2% of total lymphocytes after 48 weeks |
| De Mercanti et al. (2016) | Europe | Alemtuzumab | RRMS patients (n = 29) | Significant increase in CD4(+)CD25(hi)CD127(lo)FoxP3(+) Tregs after 24 months of treatment |
| Haas et al. (2015) | Germany | Fingolimod | Healthy controls (n = 37) MS patients (n = 74) | Increased median percentage of Tregs from 3 to 6,7% after 3 months of treatment |
| Blumenfeld et al. (2016) | Israel | Fingolimod | MS patients (n = 10) | Increase in the percentage of CD38(hi)CD24(hi) “transitional” Bregs from 3.7 to 11.6% |
| Piancone et al. (2016) | Italy | Fingolimod | RRMS patients (n = 12) | Significant increase in CD19(+)BTLA(+)IL-10(+) B cells both as a percentage of total lymphocytes and CD19(+) B cells |
| Lundy et al. (2016) | USA | Dimethyl Fumarate | RRMS patients (n = 13) | After 12 months of treatment: CD19(+) B cells concentration was halved and CD24(hi)CD38(hi) Bregs were doubled |
| Stenner et al. (2008) | Germany | Natalizumab | RRMS patients (n = 15) | No significant change in Tregs percentage 30 days after initiation of therapy |
| Putzki et al. (2010) | Switzerland | Natalizumab | RRMS patients (n = 28) | Relative decrease in CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs from 18.9 to 14.1% |
| Schubert et al. (2015) | USA | IFN-β | Treatment-naïve RRMS patients (n = 10) IFN-β-treated RRMS patients (n = 11) | Increase in CD24(hi)CD38(hi) “transitional” Bregs from 1.09 to 9.50% |
| Ireland et al. (2014) | USA | Glatiramer acetate | Treatment-naïve MS patients (n = 22) Glatiramer acetate-treated MS patients (n = 22) | Treated patients IL-10 production by B cells was equivalent to those in healthy donors and up to 6.5-fold greater than the levels in treatment-naive patients |