Table 1.

Clinical characteristics of high-energy transsyndesmotic ankle fracture dislocation in published reports.

Publication; type of study	N of patients	Main causes of the injury (N/total N [% of total N])	Open fracture, N/total N (% of total N)	AO-OTA fracture and dislocation classification (N/total N [% of total N])	Associated fractures and injuries (N/total N [% of total N])
Wang et al. [1]; retrospective review of patient registry	41	(i) Traffic accidents (11/41 [26.8%]) (ii) Falls (from human height) (16/41 [39%]) (iii) Falls from an elevation (10/41 [24.4%]) (iv) Sprains (3/41 [7.3%]) (v) Crush by a falling object (1/41 [2.4%])	16/41 (39%)	(i) 44A (3/41 [7.3%]) (ii) 44B (5/41 [12.2%]) (iii) 44C (33/41 [80.5%])	(i) Distal tibiofibular syndesmotic injury (29/41 [70.7%]) (ii) Triangular ligament injury (18/41 [43.9%]) (iii) Fibula fracture (40/41 [97.6%]) (iv) Medial malleolus fracture (29/41 [70.7%]) (v) Tibial plafond injury (10/41 [24.4%])
Bible et al. [2]; prospective cohort	23	(i) Traffic accidents (10/23 [43.5%]) (ii) Falls from an elevation (10/23 [43.5%]) (iii) (unspecified) crush (3/23 [13%])	12/23 (52.2%)	44B (23/23 [100%])∗	(i) Fibula fracture (22/23 [95.6%]) (ii) Medial malleolus fracture (18/23 [78.3%]) (iii) Tibial plafond injury (11/23 [47.8%])

Footnote: ^∗all patients had been selected based on the 44B classification.