Table 2.
Sample | Microbiological analysis | Main findings | Study | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Healthy individuals | Stable COPD disease | AECOPD | |||
Sputum | 16S rDNA | N.A. | Baselinea | Significant increase of the Proteobacteria phylum (which includes Haemophilus spp.) | Huang et al. (195) |
Sputum | 16S rDNA | N.A. | Baselinea | An increase in relative abundance of Haemophilus spp. as well as other bacteria typically associated with exacerbations | Millares et al. (218) |
Sputum | 16S rDNA | No increase in numbers of proteobacterial sequences following rhinovirus infection | N.A. | Significant increase in numbers of proteobacterial sequences, mainly H. influenzae, following Rhinovirus infection | Molyneaux et al. (190) |
Sputum | 16S rDNA | N.A. | Baselinea | An increase in the relative abundance of Haemophilus spp. following exacerbation, an increase of Haemophilus following corticosteroid treatment but a decrease after antibiotic treatment | Wang et al. (149) |
Sputum | 16S rDNA | N.A. | A significant increase in the abundance of Haemophilus with increasing disease severity | No significant increase in abundance of Haemophilus genera during exacerbation | Mayhew et al. (151) |
Comparison of the microbiota sampled from a patient during stable disease (defined as baseline) and during an exacerbation.