Fig. 4.

Granger-causal interactions between the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus and primary visual cortex (V1) laminar compartments in individual monkeys Schematic at top illustrates analysis periods in A and B. Granger-causal interactions between the LGN and supragranular (SG), granular (G), or infragranular (IG) laminar compartments of V1 for attend-toward (red) and attend-away (blue) conditions during the cue period (A) and the visual stimulus display period (B) illustrated separately for monkey B, monkey O, and monkey E (labeled above plots in A box). White backgrounds (1st columns in each box) illustrate feedforward interactions from LGN to V1 and gray backgrounds (2nd columns in each) illustrate feedback interactions from V1 to LGN. Red and blue lines just below the x-axis indicate frequencies at which Granger-causal interactions were significantly greater than noise (Bonferroni-corrected P < 0.05). Black lines above curves indicate frequencies at which Granger-causal interactions were significantly different across attention conditions (P < 0.05, see materials and methods). Note differences in y-axis scaling. For monkey O and monkey B (cue period only), there were insufficient trials to compute Granger-causal interactions between the LGN and the SG laminar compartment.