Table 3.
Mean values of all dependent variables before and during experimental pain
|
P* |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| First 5 Trials | Last 5 Trials | Pain | Adaptation | |
| Flexion angle, ° | ||||
| Without pain | 5.7 (3.9) | 5.2 (2.9) | 0.81 | 0.54 |
| With pain | 5.5 (2.7) | 5.6 (2.9) | ||
| Peak velocity, °/s | ||||
| Without pain | 20 (10) | 18 (8) | 0.60 | 0.47 |
| With pain | 18 (7) | 19 (8) | ||
| Time to peak velocity, ms | ||||
| Without pain | 206 (67) | 208 (64) | 0.47 | 0.89 |
| With pain | 202 (77) | 199 (65) | ||
| Baseline activity, % MVC | ||||
| L | ||||
| Without pain | 8 (5) | 8 (4) | 0.87 | 0.35 |
| With pain | 8 (4) | 8 (4) | ||
| R | ||||
| Without pain | 9 (6) | 9 (6) | 0.85 | 0.16 |
| With pain | 9 (6) | 9 (6) | ||
| Reflex latency, ms | ||||
| L | ||||
| Without pain | 119 (22) | 121 (24) | 0.07 | 0.10 |
| With pain | 121 (25) | 128 (28) | ||
| R | ||||
| Without pain | 122 (26) | 128 (32) | 0.53 | 0.20 |
| With pain | 123 (31) | 123 (25) | ||
| Erector spinae EMG reflex amplitude, % MVC | ||||
| L | ||||
| Without pain | 30 (17) | 26 (13) | 0.85 | 0.04 |
| With pain | 31 (18) | 26 (13) | ||
| R | ||||
| Without pain | 31 (16) | 30 (15) | 0.83 | 0.08 |
| With pain | 34 (21) | 28 (14) | ||
| Abdominal EMG reflex amplitude, % MVC | ||||
| RA | ||||
| Without pain | 15 (16) | 14 (14) | 0.90 | 0.07 |
| With pain | 16 (15) | 14 (14) | ||
| OE | ||||
| Without pain | 13 (10) | 11 (8) | 0.59 | 0.02 |
| With pain | 13 (10) | 11 (10) | ||
Values are means (SD). EMG, electromyography; L, left side of erector spinae; R, right side of erector spinae; MVC, maximal voluntary contraction; OE, obliquus externus; RA, rectus abdominis.
*
Based on repeated-measures ANOVA.