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. 2018 Nov 12;4(4):00035-2018. doi: 10.1183/23120541.00035-2018

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Compared to controls, a) plasma transforming growth factor (TGF)-α is increased, and b) stem cell factor (SCF) is decreased in treatment-naïve pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients; b) SCF is lower in high-risk compared to intermediate- or low-risk PAH groups. SCF is correlated with haemodynamics, including c) cardiac index and d) pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). e) Low SCF (<8.25 AU) combined with high TGF-α (≥1.64 AU) identified most high-risk PAH patients. f) Patients having low SCF/TGF-α ratio (≤4.4) showed a trend for worse survival compared to those with a high ratio (>4.4). Patients were risk classified according to the 2015 European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society PAH guidelines. AU: arbitrary units. *: p<0.05 comparing all PAH patients pooled versus controls; #: p<0.05 comparing marked groups.