Fig. 3.
Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) enhances glycolysis in the presence of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor (GLP-1R) agonists (GLP-1RA) in a GLP-1R-dependent manner. Extracellular acidification rate (ECAR; A and B) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR; C and D) were measured in cAMP Hunter CHO-K1 GLP-1R Gs cells with a Seahorse XF96 analyzer to evaluate glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration, respectively, in the presence of GLP-1 (20 pM), exendin-4 (Ex4, 20 pM), OEA (9.2 µM), or GLP-1RA+OEA. For analysis of GLP-1R-mediated effects, cells were exposed to exendin-9 (Ex9, 500 nM) for 80 min before addition of treatments to inhibit GLP-1R signaling. Data points represent the means ± SE of 3 experimental replicates containing 3–5 technical replicates each. Data were normalized to baseline ECAR or OCR and are represented as fold change from vehicle. *GLP-1RA vs. GLP-1RA+OEA. †GLP-1RA+OEA vs. Ex9-GLP-1RA+OEA (P < 0.05).