Table 1.
Data describing the baseline conditions of the animals under the conditions of the present study
| 13 Weeks |
20 Weeks |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LZR | OZR | LZR | OZR | OZR + ATOR | OZR + EXER | OZR + both | |
| Mean arterial pressure, mmHg | 106 ± 5 | 114 ± 6* | 104 ± 4 | 130 ± 5* | 129 ± 6* (3.8 ± 1.5%) | 120 ± 5* (38.5 ± 5.4%) | 112 ± 5† (69.2 ± 5.9%) |
| Glucose, mg/dl | 88 ± 6 | 120 ± 7* | 94 ± 5 | 184 ± 8* | 172 ± 6* (13.0 ± 4.8%) | 145 ± 8*† (43.6 ± 6.8%) | 142 ± 7*† (46.8 ± 5.9%) |
| Insulin, ng/ml | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 4.1 ± 0.8* | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 7.9 ± 1.0* | 6.8 ± 0.7* (16.9 ± 4.8%) | 5.2 ± 0.6* (41.2 ± 6.9%) | 4.8 ± 0.6*† (46.9 ± 6.4%) |
| Cholesterol, mg/dl | 81 ± 5 | 98 ± 6* | 90 ± 6 | 128 ± 8* | 106 ± 7*† (58.5 ± 4.9%) | 119 ± 6* (24.6 ± 5.8%) | 104 ± 6† (63.0 ± 6.4%) |
| N-tyrosine, ng/ml | 15 ± 2 | 26 ± 4* | 18 ± 4 | 58 ± 6* | 37 ± 5*† (53.0 ± 6.5%) | 35 ± 6*† (58.2 ± 5.1%) | 32 ± 5*† (66.1 ± 6.8%) |
| TNF-α, pg/ml | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 2.9 ± 0.4* | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 7.4 ± 0.8* | 4.2 ± 0.5*† (54.1 ± 6.2%) | 4.9 ± 0.6*† (42.1 ± 4.9%) | 3.9 ± 0.6*† (58.5 ± 6.4%) |
| Monocyte chemoattractant protein -1, pg/ml | 38.5 ± 4.2 | 102.6 ± 11.5* | 42.4 ± 8.7 | 125.9 ± 10.8* | 70.5 ± 6.9*† (66.5 ± 7.1%) | 85.7 ± 7.9*† (48.5 ± 5.8%) | 66.0 ± 8.4† (72.1 ± 6.8%) |
| IL-1β, pg/ml | 10.1 ± 1.8 | 19.8 ± 3.4* | 11.8 ± 1.8 | 26.8 ± 4.2* | 20.8 ± 2.6* (40.5 ± 4.9%) | 21.2 ± 3.2* (37.8 ± 5.8%) | 20.1 ± 2.6* (45.1 ± 4.9%) |
| IL-6, pg/ml | 40.2 ± 5.1 | 70.8 ± 6.4* | 45.4 ± 5.8 | 84.8 ± 5.8* | 74.0 ± 5.4* (27.4 ± 5.2%) | 72.5 ± 5.9* (31.3 ± 6.2%) | 68.9 ± 6.4*† (40.2 ± 5.9%) |
| IL-10, pg/ml | 19.2 ± 3.9 | 82.9 ± 10.6* | 24.5 ± 5.0 | 126.7 ± 12.4* | 102.6 ± 7.4* (23.5 ± 4.9%) | 96.8 ± 6.8* (29.5 ± 5.1%) | 90.8 ± 10.8*† (35.1 ± 4.9%) |
| Active tone (ex vivo), % | 41 ± 4 | 43 ± 3 | 38 ± 3 | 42 ± 3 | 40 ± 3 | 41 ± 4 | 40 ± 4 |
| Active tone (in situ), % | 35 ± 3 | 36 ± 3 | 28 ± 2 | 32 ± 3 | 33 ± 2 | 35 ± 3 | 34 ± 4 |
| Muscle blood flow at rest, ml·g−1·min−1 | 0.12 ± 0.02 | 0.11 ± 0.03 | 0.13 ± 0.02 | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.02 | 0.11 ± 0.02 | 0.11 ± 0.02 |
| Mean transit time, g/g | 354 ± 19 | 345 ± 17 | 388 ± 20 | 376 ± 19 | 380 ± 16 | 374 ± 20 | 384 ± 22 |
| Arteriovenous oxygen difference, ml/ml | 0.052 ± 0.003 | 0.049 ± 0.004 | 0.051 ± 0.005 | 0.041 ± 0.003 | 0.048 ± 0.004 (0.0 ± 4.8%) | 0.047 ± 0.005 (33.3 ± 6.7%) | 0.049 ± 0.003* (33.3 ± 7.2%) |
| Oxygen uptake at rest, ml·g−1·min−1 | 0.006 ± 0.001 | 0.005 ± 0.001 | 0.007 ± 0.001 | 0.004 ± 0.001* | 0.005 ± 0.001 | 0.005 ± 0.001 | 0.005 ± 0.001 |
Values are means ± SE; n = 6 rat/sgroup. LZR, lean Zucker rats; OZR, obese Zucker rats; ATOR, atorvastatin; EXER, treadmill exercise. Data inside the parentheses represent the extent to which the relevant intervention restored the normal level of the parameter. Please see text for details.
*
P < 0.05 vs. LZRs at that age;
†
P < 0.05 vs. OZRs at that age.