. 2018 May 18;315(4):H950–H957. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00146.2018

Table 3.

Cardiac parameters in healthy control subjects during rest and exercise in normoxia and hypoxia

	Rest		Exercise		P Values
Variable	Normoxia	Hypoxia	Normoxia	Hypoxia	Exercise	Oxygen	Interaction
Heart rate and flows
Heart rate, beats/min	61.6 ± 10.6	74.5 ± 12.2^*	123.0 ± 10.5^‡	142.8 ± 12.2^*^‡	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.004
Aortic stroke volume index, ml/m²	51.3 ± 10.9	50.4 ± 12.3	62.0 ± 10.3^‡	58.3 ± 11.4^†^‡	<0.0001	0.009	0.048
Mean pulmonary artery stroke volume index, ml/m²	51.3 ± 9.9	51.6 ± 9.8	60.2 ± 9.3^‡	56.2 ± 10.9^†^§	<0.0001	0.004	0.014
Cardiac index, l·min⁻¹·m⁻²	3.1 ± 0.6	3.6 ± 0.7^*	7.6 ± 1.5^‡	8.3 ± 1.8^*^‡	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.328
Left ventricular parameters
End-diastolic volume index, ml/m²	83.7 ± 14.6	79.9 ± 13.8^*	89.6 ± 15.1^‡	81.5 ± 13.6^*	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001
End-systolic volume index, ml/m²	30.2 ± 5.2	26.7 ± 5.6^*	25.0 ± 6.7^‡	20.6 ± 5.2^*^‡	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.375
Stroke volume index, ml/m²	53.5 ± 10.7	53.0 ± 10.1	64.6 ± 10.7^‡	60.7 ± 10.3^*^‡	<0.0001	0.001	0.001
Ejection fraction, %	63.8 ± 3.6	66.6 ± 4.7^†	72.2 ± 4.5^‡	74.7 ± 4.3^†^‡	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.958
Right ventricular parameters
End-diastolic volume index, ml/m²	90.0 ± 17.8	87.6 ± 16.7	88.3 ± 15.2	82.5 ± 15.4^*	0.031	0.001	0.036
End-systolic volume index, ml/m²	38.6 ± 8.9	35.8 ± 9.4^†	26.9 ± 8.7^‡	25.6 ± 8.9^‡	<0.0001	0.013	0.322
Stroke volume index, ml/m²	51.3 ± 11.1	51.7 ± 9.4	61.3 ± 10.0^‡	56.7 ± 10.0^*^‡	<0.0001	0.013	<0.0001
Ejection fraction, %	57.1 ± 5.2	59.4 ± 5.1	69.9 ± 6.3^‡	69.1 ± 6.6^‡	<0.0001	0.305	0.017
Stroke volume index/end-systolic volume index	1.4 ± 0.3	1.5 ± 0.3^†	2.5 ± 0.7^‡	2.4 ± 0.7^‡	<0.0001	0.585	0.086
Left atrial parameters
Left atrial area, cm²	24.1 ± 5.4	21.0 ± 9.3^†
Interventricular septal parameters
Interventricular septal curvature	0.9 ± 0.06	0.8 ± 0.1^*

n = 34 subjects/group. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA with main effects of O₂ level and exercise on each dependent variable was used. Simple main effects analysis between O₂ levels was as follows:

P < 0.0001 and

^†

P < 0.05. Simple main effects analysis between rest and exercise was as follows:

^‡

P < 0.0001 and

^§

P < 0.05.