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. 2018 Nov 1;5:97. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00097

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Copyright © 2018 Roberson, Romero, Mumford, Osburn, Haun, Vann, Kluess and Roberts.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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5 km TT data represented as mean ± SD. “G” = group effect p-value, “T” = time effect p-value, “G×T” = group × time interaction p-value, “d” = Cohen's d-value. The left plot represents average time to run 5 km in the placebo (PLA) and protein (PRO) groups at Pre (black bars) and Post (gray bars). The middle plot represents individual participant data points for each group from Pre (circle) to Post (square). The right plot represents average percent change from Pre to Post for PLA (circle) and PRO (square). There was a significant time effect from Pre to Post (p < 0.001) demonstrating an improvement in time to completion. The group × time interaction approached significance (p = 0.080), and the Cohen's d-value also demonstrated a large effect between groups (d = 0.945).