Figure 3.

Expression of activation markers on CD14⁺ monocytes from healthy controls and patients with periodontal disease. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from peripheral blood from patients with chronic periodontitis (CP, n = 12) or aggressive periodontitis (AP, n = 11), as well as periodontally healthy controls (HC, n = 8). (a) Representative gating strategy to identify CD14⁺ monocytes. (b) Representative histogram plots and (c) cumulative data showing the geometric mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) for the surface expression of indicated markers determined by flow cytometry on CD14⁺ monocytes. Each symbol represents an individual donor. Lines show the mean with standard error of the mean (s.e.m.). Log‐transformed data were analysed by one‐way analysis of variance with Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test.