Table 3.

The Optimized parameter values, RS value as compared to IBD, partial Mantel r and significance of support of the best multivariate model are shown

Model	Parameter values	RSIBD	(A)r	(A)p	(B)r	(B)p	(C)r	(C)p	(D)r	(D)p
A+TC	A: 90°; x = 10; R max = 500	0.16288	0.1324	0.0045	‐0.03048	0.7482	A:0.09791	0.0286	A:0.03225	0.2599
	TC: x = 10; R max = 500						TC:0.08123	0.0515	TC:‐0.01118	0.5949

Optimized values include equation parameters for x (contrast) and R _max (magnitude of the relationship). (A) GD~LV|IBD—partial Mantel test between genetic distance and the landscape variable, partialling out the effect of IBD; (B) GD~IBD|LV—partial Mantel test between genetic distance and IBD distance, removing the effect of the landscape variable, (C) GD~LM|—partial Mantel test between genetic distance and the landscape model after removing the effect of the reduced model; (D) G~|LM—partial Mantel test between genetic distance and the reduced model, partialling out the effect of the landscape model. The first column of each test indicates the Mantel r‐value and the second column the related p‐value. Model abbreviations: A: aspect and TC: topographic complexity.