Table 4.
Adjusted means of HbA1c by categories of polysomnography sleep-disordered breathing: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (2010–2013), N = 1881
| Obstructive sleep apnea, apnea–hypopnea index | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <5.0 None (Referent) |
5.0–14.9 Mild |
15–29.9 Moderate |
≥30 Severe |
p for trend | |
| No diabetes | N = 550 | N = 482 | N = 270 | N = 210 | |
| Model 1 | 5.64 | 5.70* | 5.71* | 5.80*** | <0.001 |
| Model 2 | 5.64 | 5.70* | 5.71* | 5.80*** | <0.001 |
| Model 3 | 5.66 | 5.70 | 5.70 | 5.76** | 0.010 |
| Model 4 | 5.67 | 5.70 | 5.69 | 5.75* | 0.035 |
| Diabetes | N = 90 | N = 110 | N = 89 | N = 80 | |
| Model 1 | 7.10 | 7.05 | 7.18 | 7.26 | 0.343 |
| Model 2 | 7.10 | 7.07 | 7.17 | 7.25 | 0.390 |
| Model 3 | 7.12 | 7.04 | 7.17 | 7.23 | 0.501 |
| Model 4 | 7.10 | 7.07 | 7.17 | 7.25 | 0.416 |
| Nocturnal hypoxemia, %† | |||||
| <0.03 (Referent) |
0.04–0.65 | 0.66–3.44 | ≥3.45 | ||
| No diabetes | N = 393 | N = 396 | N = 374 | N = 349 | |
| Model 1 | 5.63 | 5.67 | 5.71** | 5.78*** | <0.001 |
| Model 2 | 5.63 | 5.67 | 5.71** | 5.78*** | <0.001 |
| Model 3 | 5.66 | 5.67 | 5.70 | 5.75** | 0.003 |
| Model 4 | 5.67 | 5.67 | 5.69 | 5.75* | 0.010 |
| Diabetes | N = 50 | N = 100 | N = 96 | N = 123 | |
| Model 1 | 7.04 | 6.86 | 7.28 | 7.29 | 0.036 |
| Model 2 | 7.08 | 6.85 | 7.28 | 7.29 | 0.047 |
| Model 3 | 7.09 | 6.86 | 7.24 | 7.29 | 0.080 |
| Model 4 | 7.04 | 6.84 | 7.28 | 7.32 | 0.041 |
†Percent of sleep time with oxyhemoglobin saturation <90%.
Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and field center. Model 2 adjusted for Model 1, plus education, marital status, smoking status, alcohol use, hypnotic medication, and depressive symptoms. Model 3 adjusted for Model 2, plus waist circumference. Model 4 adjusted for Model 2, plus BMI.
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.