Table 4.
Odds ratios (95% CIs) for the associations of sleep duration (n = 1927) and insomnia symptoms (n = 1988) at Exam 5 with changes in aMed score between Exam 1 and Exam 5
| Changes in the aMed Score from Exam 1 to Exam 5 | Sleep duration† (reference: <6 hr/night) |
Insomnia symptoms‡ (reference: no insomnia) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 to <7 hr/night n = 614 |
7–8 hr/night n = 516 |
>8 hr/night n = 219 |
Insomnia n = 711 |
|
| No change vs. decrease in score | ||||
| Model 1 | 1.05 (0.77, 1.45) | 1.11 (0.79, 1.54) | 1.08 (0.71, 1.65) | 0.64 (0.49, 0.83)*** |
| Model 2 | 1.07 (0.78, 1.47) | 1.10 (0.79, 1.54) | 1.09 (0.71, 1.68) | 0.64 (0.49, 0.83)*** |
| Model 3 | 1.04 (0.74, 1.45) | 1.13 (0.80, 1.60) | 1.13 (0.72, 1.80) | 0.65 (0.50, 0.85)** |
| Model 4 | 0.98 (0.68, 1.40) | 1.06 (0.73, 1.55) | 0.96 (0.57, 1.61) | 0.61 (0.45, 0.82)** |
| Increase vs. decrease in score | ||||
| Model 1 | 1.35 (1.04, 1.75)* | 1.30 (0.98, 1.71) | 1.04 (0.72, 1.50) | 0.90 (0.73, 1.11) |
| Model 2 | 1.36 (1.05, 1.76)* | 1.29 (0.98, 1.71) | 1.04 (0.72, 1.50) | 0.90 (0.73, 1.11) |
| Model 3 | 1.30 (0.99, 1.71) | 1.26 (0.94, 1.69) | 1.18 (0.80, 1.75) | 0.90 (0.72, 1.12) |
| Model 4 | 1.34 (0.99, 1.80) | 1.30 (0.95, 1.79) | 1.15 (0.74, 1.77) | 0.92 (0.72, 1.17) |
†For sleep duration (ref <6 hr, n = 578).
‡For insomnia symptoms (ref no insomnia symptoms, n = 1277).
MODEL 1: adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity.
MODEL 2: adjusted for covariates in Model 1 as well as education.
MODEL 3: adjusted for covariates in Model 2 as well as cigarette smoking, intentional exercise and total energy intake (Kcal/day).
MODEL 4: adjusted for covariates in Model 3 as well as body mass index (Kg/m2), hypertension, diabetes, depressive symptoms (CESD score ≥ 16), AHI (continuous), antidepressants, and antipsychotic medication, plus insomnia symptoms when main outcome was sleep duration and sleep duration when main outcome was insomnia symptoms
*p < 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001. Bold values indicate significance.