Table 2.
OLS Regression of Loneliness on Uses and Gratifications of Mobile Phone (N = 1,318)
| Loneliness | ||
|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | |
| b (SE) | b (SE) | |
| Sociabilitya | −0.07 (0.02)*** | −0.10 (0.02)*** |
| Reassuranceb | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.01) |
| Pass timec | 0.04 (0.01)** | 0.04 (0.01)** |
| Instrumentalityd | 0.01 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.01) |
| Age 65 plus (ref = age 40–64)) | −0.04 (0.06) | −0.02 (0.06) |
| Female (ref = male) | −0.22 (0.04)*** | −0.22 (0.04)*** |
| College or more (ref = high school or less) | −0.07 (0.04) | −0.07 (0.04) |
| Married (ref = single/divorced/widowed) | −0.10 (0.06) | −0.09 (0.06) |
| Currently working (ref = not working) | −0.09 (0.05) | −0.10 (0.05) |
| Household Income | −0.03 (0.01)* | −0.03 (0.01)* |
| Health (ref = no chronic conditions) | ||
| 1 chronic conditions | 0.07 (0.05) | 0.07 (0.05) |
| 2 or more chronic conditions | 0.12 (0.06)* | 0.12 (0.06)* |
| Face-to-face social interaction | −0.28 (0.02)*** | −0.28 (0.02)*** |
| Smartphone owner (ref = nonsmartphone owner) | −0.05 (0.11) | −0.01 (0.11) |
| Time/day using phone (ref = less than 10 min) | ||
| 10–50 min | −0.08 (0.06) | −0.10 (0.06) |
| 1 hr or more | −0.08 (0.07) | −0.09 (0.07) |
| Frequency of Feature Use | −0.13 (0.05)* | −0.08 (0.05) |
| Does not have children (ref = has children) | 0.03 (0.07) | 0.03 (0.07) |
| After 3–11 (ref = before 3–11) | 0.03 (0.04) | 0.03 (0.04) |
| Sociability × Age 65 plus | 0.07 (0.03)* | |
| Instrumentality × Feature Use | −0.09 (0.03)** | |
| Constant | 3.38 (0.10)*** | 3.42 (0.10)*** |
Note: Continuous predictor variables are grand mean centered. Results are from seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) models using 20 imputed datasets for each, where results were combined using Rubin’s rules.
aExtent to which respondent uses their mobile phone to keep in touch with friends or relatives, or to get to know other people; bextent to which respondent uses their mobile phone to feel safe and secure in case of an emergency, and to be available to families and friends; cextent to which respondent uses their mobile phone for passing time, relaxation, or entertainment purposes; dextent to which respondent uses their mobile phone to obtain news and information, schedule appointments, and coordinate activities.
*p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001.