Figure 7.

Schematic summarizing interacting factors currently known to affect wound healing. (A) SF promotes inflammation, in part, by increasing proinflammatory cytokines [48, 57, 71, 72]. (B) SF increases glucose intolerance/insulin resistance, obesity, and leptin resistance [25, 36, 55]. (C) Inflammation delays wound healing via macrophage dysfunction which in turn leads to impaired angiogenesis, disorganized apoptosis, and impaired cell migration [73, 74]. (D) Impaired glucose metabolism delays wound healing through the sequela caused by diabetes such as neuropathy, vasculopathy, and immunodeficiency [75, 76].