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. 2018 Nov 8;8(11):e023531. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023531

Table 3.

Adverse perinatal outcome by maternal educational level, all births, Denmark, 2000–2009

RR 95 % CI aRR 95 % CI
Stillbirth
 Primary education 1.39 1.26 to 1.53 1.34 1.21 to 1.48
 Vocational education 1.00 1.00
 Secondary education 0.84 0.71 to 0.98 0.81 0.69 to 0.94
 Short-cycle and medium-cycle higher education 0.89 0.81 to 0.97 0.89 0.81 to 0.98
 Long-cycle higher education 0.65 0.57 to 0.74 0.64 0.56 to 0.72
Neonatal mortality
 Primary education 1.33 1.16 to 1.51 1.29 1.12 to 1.47
 Vocational education 1.00 1.00
 Secondary education 0.92 0.76 to 1.13 0.90 0.73 to 1.10
 Short-cycle and medium-cycle higher education 0.79 0.70 to 0.90 0.80 0.71 to 0.92
  Long-cycle higher education 0.79 0.67 to 0.93 0.79 0.67 to 0.93
Postneonatal mortality*
 Primary education 1.93 1.59 to 2.35 1.81 1.47 to 2.22
 Vocational education 1.00 1.00
 Secondary education 1.02 0.74 to 1.41 0.98 0.71 to 1.36
 Short-cycle and medium-cycle higher education 0.74 0.59 to 0.92 0.76 0.61 to 0.95
  Long-cycle higher education 0.55 0.41 to 0.75 0.57 0.42 to 0.78
Congenital anomalies
 Primary education 1.14 1.09 to 1.18 1.13 1.08 to 1.18
 Vocational education 1.00 1.00
 Secondary education 0.92 0.86 to 0.98 0.91 0.86 to 0.97
 Short-cycle and medium-cycle higher education 0.94 0.90 to 0.97 0.93 0.90 to 0.97
Long-cycle higher education 0.88 0.84 to 0.92 0.87 0.83 to 0.91
Moderate preterm birth, 32+0 to 36+6†
 Primary education 1.07 1.04 to 1.10 1.11 1.08 to 1.14
 Vocational education 1.00 1.00
 Secondary education 0.88 0.84 to 0.92 0.89 0.86 to 0.93
 Short-cycle and medium-cycle higher education 0.89 0.87 to 0.92 0.89 0.86 to 0.91
 Long-cycle higher education 0.81 0.79 to 0.84 0.80 0.77 to 0.83
Very preterm birth, 28+0 to 31+6†
 Primary education 1.06 0.98 to 1.15 1.10 1.01 to 1.20
 Vocational education 1.00 1.00
 Secondary education 0.89 0.79 to 1.01 0.91 0.81 to 1.03
 Short-cycle and medium-cycle higher education 0.83 0.77 to 0.90 0.82 0.76 to 0.89
 Long-cycle higher education 0.80 0.73 to 0.88 0.78 0.71 to 0.86
Extreme preterm birth, <28+0†
 Primary education 1.36 1.20 to 1.54 1.35 1.19 to 1.54
 Vocational education 1.00 1.00
 Secondary education 0.79 0.64 to 0.96 0.78 0.63 to 0.96
 Short-cycle and medium-cycle higher education 0.77 0.68 to 0.87 0.76 0.67 to 0.86
  Long-cycle higher education 0.78 0.67 to 0.91 0.76 0.65 to 0.89
SGA
 Primary education 1.32 1.30 to 1.35 1.25 1.22 to 1.28
 Vocational education 1.00 1.00
 Secondary education 0.99 0.96 to 1.02 0.96 0.93 to 0.99
 Short-cycle and medium-cycle higher education 0.82 0.80 to 0.84 0.83 0.82 to 0.85
  Long-cycle higher education 0.82 0.80 to 0.84 0.83 0.81 to 0.85

*Compared with children who were alive 365 days after birth.

†Compared with children born from 37+0–41+6.

aRR, risk ratio adjusted for maternal age, maternal country of origin and maternal year of birth; RR, crude risk ratio; SGA, small-for-gestational age.