(A) Mean time course of the temperature at the center of the recording chamber after starting the additional influx of room-temperature bath solution. Error bars, ±SD. n, 5 trials. Inset, schematic of the experimental set up. The recording chamber was perfused with pre-heated bath solution (38°C) throughout the measurement. (B) Time course of the mean relative peak INa amplitude along with a temperature change from 38°C to 26°C. In panels B–D, INa repeatedly evoked at a test potential of –20 mV in a 2-s interval were analyzed. Holding potential, –120 mV. For each cell, the peak amplitude was normalized to the basal value obtained prior to the lowering of the temperature. p>0.05 between WT and RQ cells (rmANOVA). n, 8 WT and 8 RQ cells. Inset, representative current responses of single WT and RQ cells at labeled temperatures. (C) Comparison in mean 10%–90% rise time. p>0.05 between WT and RQ cells for all tested temperatures (rmANOVA, unpaired t-test). n, 8 WT cells and 8 RQ cells. (D) Comparison of mean time constants of fast and slow components of the double-exponential function fitted to the decaying phase of INa. p>0.05 between WT and RQ cells for all tested temperatures (rmANOVA, unpaired t-test). n, 7 WT cells and 7 RQ cells.