Table 2.

Overview of included studies.

Study	Study design, sample size, and setting	Study purpose	Study framework	Sample characteristics	Definition of eHealth literacy
Blackstock et al, 2016 [28]	Cross-sectional, N=63, February-April, 2014; 6 community-based organizations providing social and clinical services to people living with HIV	To examine the relationship between eHealth literacy and HIV transmission risk behaviors in internet-using women with HIV	No study framework reported	100% female; median age, 49 (IQRa 44-54) years; 54.0% (34/63) non-Hispanic black; 36.5% (23/63) Hispanic; 38.1% (24/63) <high school education; 85.7% (54/63) prescribed ARTb; 87.3% (55/63) owned a cell phone; 58.7% (37/63) had a computer or tablet	“The ability to find, under-stand, & evaluate health information from electronic sources and apply this information to a specific health problem” (Norman and Skinner, 2006 [13])
Kim et al, 2015 [29]	Cross-sectional, June 2012-August 2013, N=895, AIDS Support Organization	To determine the proportion of people living with HIV who are literate and also use mobile phones in rural Uganda	No study framework reported	76.4% (684/895) female; median age, 44 (IQR 44-50) years; 65% (581/895) <high school education; median time on HIV medications, 6.8 (IQR 5.8-7.7) years; 82.8% (741/895) owned a mobile phone; 73.0% (653/895) can read and write	Ability to read and write
Krishnan et al, 2015 [30]	Cross-sectional, N=359, no specified date, 3 sites at 2 nongovernmental organizations providing health care	To examine the use of communication technology and acceptance of mHealth among HIV-infected Peruvian men who have sex with men and TGWc to gauge the feasibility of an mHealth-enabled HIV-risk reduction program	No study framework reported	77.7% (279/359) male; 13.3% (48/359) TGW; mean age, 34 (SD 8.11) years; 2.2% (8/359) <high school education; 53.3% (131/246) completed college; 87.2% (313/359) currently on ART; 59.6% (214/359) had access to a standard cell phone; 30.1% (108/359) had access to a smartphone; 37.3% (134/359) used landlines; 35.4% (127/359) accessed a laptop or computer	Definition of eHealth literacy not reported
Ownby et al, 2012 [26]	Quasi-experimental, N=124, May 2010-December 2011, Urban and suburban HIV clinics	To evaluate whether an Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model–based electronic intervention can improve health literacy and medication adherence	Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model	29% female (36/124); mean age, 47.1 (SD 8.69) years; 63% (78/124) black; 37% (46/124) <high school education; mean, 11.6 (SD 7.18) years on ART; mean Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults score, 88.48 (SD 14.16)	“The degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, & understand basic health information & services needed to make appropriate health decisions” (Nielsen-Bohlman et al, 2004 [36])
Robinson et al, 2010 [27]	Quasi-experimental, N=18, July, 2008, HIV-positive care center in a hospital setting	To determine if computer skills and internet health educational intervention will improve the perceived knowledge of internet health resources and confidence using the internet for health questions	No study framework reported	55.6% (10/18) female; mean age, 46 (range 34-69) years; 61.1% (11/18) African American; 27.8% (5/18) Caucasian; 44.4% (8/18) high school education or less; 72% (13/18) have regular internet access; 23% (3/13) sought health information in the internet in the past 3 months	The “capacity to acquire, understand & use information in ways which promote & maintain good health”
Siedner et al, 2015 [24]	Experimental, N=385, HIV clinic of the Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital	To identify predictors of uptake of a mHealth app and evaluate the efficacy of various short message service text message formats to optimize the confidentiality and accessibility	Concepts derived from the Technology Acceptance Model and the Unified Theory of Technology Acceptance and Use of Technology	65.2% (251/385) female; median age 32 (IQR 26-39) years; 62.4% (240/385) primary education or less; 67.5% (260/385) could read a complete sentence; 81.8% (315/385) had a mobile phone	Definition of eHealth literacy not reported
Woods et al, 2016 [25]	Cross-sectional, N=67, neuroAIDS research center, which recruits from local HIV clinics and community-based organizations	To evaluate the effects of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders on 2 internet-based tests of health care management	No study framework reported	9.0% (6/67) female; 68.7% (46/67) HIV+ and 31.3% (21/67) HIV- mean age 45.5 (SD 9.2) years; 53.7% (36/67) Caucasian; 19.4% (13/67) Hispanic; mean education level 13.2 (SD 2.5) years; 95.7% (44/46) prescribed ART; 86.6% (58/67) use a home computer; 76.1% (51/67) own a smartphone; 67.2% (45/67) use the internet daily	“The capacity to obtain, communicate, process, & understand basic health information & services to make appropriate health decisions” (Patient Protection & Affordable Care Act, 2010 [37])

^aIQR: interquartile range.

^bART: antiretroviral therapy.

^cTGW: transgender women.