Table 3.

Themes related to interprofessional medication-related decision-making between physicians and pharmacists.

Theme	Subthemes	Description
Interprofessional shared decision-making (IP-SDM)	IP-SDM intentions Decision point Making the decision Assumptions about patients Patient communication IP-SDM	Pharmacists and physicians did not describe IP-SDM in their practices and acted as unintentional gatekeepers to medication information. Professionals make decisions based on their individual understanding of the patient’s situation and educate the patient based on that decision.
Communication between physicians and pharmacists	Reasons for health care professionals (HCPs) to communicate with patients Reasons for HCPs to communicate with each other Flow of information Communication workarounds Method of communication Availability How to document in the medical or pharmacy chart Risk communication Patient as messenger	Pharmacists and physicians often communicate with each other indirectly through patients, faxes, or receptionists. Yet, both groups are cautious about the expansion of electronic health records (EHRs) and how EHRs influence their ability to work.
Information exchange between physicians and pharmacists	Important information for patient care Information detectives Data collection and entry Multiple users Place of access Context of data entry Adherence Information scarcity limits roles Design features Timeliness	Pharmacists and physicians require information not accessible through current Web-based health platforms to provide patient care. Even in situations where the information was available, it was clear that relationships drove information sharing. Most critically, physicians required access to information about medication adherence, while pharmacists required clear access to medication indications.
Process of care	System design (fill and bill) Identifying patients in need of care Stages of care Technology limits practice Decision-making Workarounds Documentation of process Workflow bottlenecks Prioritization	Pharmacists and physicians find that current systems do not typically align with their decision-making processes and do not support collaboration in daily workflow.
Scope of practice	Responsibility to diagnose Negotiating role boundaries Accountability Medication management Mentorship and role modeling Monitoring	The workplace and professional boundaries for pharmacists and physicians are both internally and externally imposed. This includes how each group negotiates the boundaries of its job, how each group negotiates its interactions with each other and with patients, and how relationships, or lack thereof, impact the ability of each group to carry out its roles and responsibilities.
Physician-pharmacist relationship	Physical distance Community versus primary care pharmacist 5 Ws of shared understanding Filling the gap or tailoring Building collaborative work environments Transactional communication	Relationships were strongly influenced by physician location, nature of the task, and a power imbalance.