Table 2.
National and regional descriptive statistics and nonparametric test results of patient experience tweet sentiments in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas.
| Tweet region and sentiment score quantilesa | Metropolitan tweets | Nonmetropolitan tweets | P value | Cohen d effect sizeb | |||
| n (%) | Mean (SD) | n (%) | Mean (SD) | ||||
|
|
All tweets | 544,962 (69.08) | −0.056 (0.511) | 243,942 (30.92) | −0.068 (0.505) | <.001 | 0.023 |
|
|
Q-1 | 152,796 (68.87) | −0.698 (0.127) | 69,067 (31.13) | −0.655 (0.126) | <.001 | 0.341 |
|
|
Q-2 | 150,712 (68.36) | −0.351 (0.135) | 69,768 (31.64) | −0.349 (0.136) | .002 | N/Ac |
|
|
Q-3 | 137,361 (68.94) | 0.151 (0.156) | 61,876 (31.06) | 0.148 (0.156) | <.001 | 0.019 |
|
|
Q-4 | 138,339 (70.14) | 0.621 (0.128) | 58,905 (29.86) | 0.620 (0.128) | .04 | N/A |
| Northeast |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All tweets | 112,242 (81.08) | −0.086 (0.508) | 26,184 (18.92) | 0.078 (0.503) | .003 | N/A |
|
|
Q-1 | 33,560 (81.66) | −0.660 (0.127) | 7536 (18.34) | −0.659 (0.127) | .30 | N/A |
|
|
Q-2 | 32,323 (81.01) | −0.354 (0.134) | 7575 (18.99) | −0.345 (0.136) | <.001 | 0.066 |
|
|
Q-3 | 27,349 (80.39) | 0.150 (0.159) | 6671 (19.61) | 0.152 (0.160) | .17 | N/A |
|
|
Q-4 | 26,321 (81.29) | 0.619 (0.131) | 6059 (18.71) | 0.619 (0.128) | .42 | N/A |
| Midwest |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All tweets | 108,453 (62.15) | −0.035 (0.512) | 66,043 (37.85) | −0.051 (0.508) | <.001 | 0.032 |
|
|
Q-1 | 29,045 (61.70) | −0.657 (0.126 | 18,027 (38.30) | −0.656 (0.126) | .27 | N/A |
|
|
Q-2 | 29,085 (61.18) | −0.350 (0.136 | 18,454 (38.82) | −0.347 (0.136) | .12 | N/A |
|
|
Q-3 | 27,877 (62.44) | 0.153 (0.155) | 16,770 (37.56) | 0.149 (0.156) | .002 | N/A |
|
|
Q-4 | 28,957 (63.26) | 0.623 (0.126) | 16,814 (36.74) | 0.621 (0.127) | .08 | N/A |
| South |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All tweets | 183,829 (64.67) | 0.080 (0.506) | 100,448 (35.33) | −0.092 (0.50) | <.001 | 0.024 |
|
|
Q-1 | 54,537 (64.39) | −0.656 (0.127) | 30,163 (35.61) | −0.652 (0.126) | <.001 | 0.032 |
|
|
Q-2 | 52,931 (63.93) | −0.353 (0.136) | 29,859 (36.07) | −0.353 (0.136) | .27 | N/A |
|
|
Q-3 | 45,676 (64.39) | 0.149 (0.158) | 25,263 (35.61) | 0.147 (0.158) | .04 | N/A |
|
|
Q-4 | 43,424 (66.05) | 0.617 (0.129) | 22,324 (33.95) | 0.616 (0.128) | .20 | N/A |
| West |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All tweets | 140,438 (73.26) | −0.015 (0.514) | 51,267 (26.74) | −0.039 (0.511) | <.001 | 0.048 |
|
|
Q-1 | 35,654 (72.77) | −0.660 (0.128) | 13,341 (27.23) | −0.659 (0.126) | .44 | N/A |
|
|
Q-2 | 36,373 (72.38) | −0.345 (0.134) | 13,880 (27.62) | −0.346 (0.134) | .02 | N/A |
|
|
Q-3 | 36,459 (73.46) | 0.153 (0.152) | 13,172 (26.54) | 0.149 (0.154) | .002 | N/A |
|
|
Q-4 | 39,637 (74.30) | 0.626 (0.126) | 13,708 (25.70) | 0.625 (0.127) | .31 | N/A |
aThe 4 sentiment score quantiles are shown using Q-1 (0.0, 0.25), Q-2 (0.25, 0.5), Q-3 (0.50, 0.75), and Q-4 (0.75, 1.0). The results are reported at α=0.1%.
bThe Cohen d effect size was computed for tests that found significant differences.
cN/A: not applicable.