Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of items on the appearance questionnairea for the DOmestic RObot (DORO), COndominium RObot (CORO), and Outdoor RObot (ORO) systems (N=45).
| System and questionnaire itemb | Mean (SD) | Range | Mode | |
| DORO |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Item A1 | 1.18 (0.49) | 1-3 | 1 |
|
|
Item A2 | 4.33 (0.88) | 1-5 | 5 |
|
|
Item A3 | 2.98 (1.54) | 1-5 | 1 |
|
|
Item A4 | 4.09 (0.95) | 1-5 | 5 |
|
|
Item A5 | 4.27 (0.86) | 2-5 | 5 |
|
|
Item A6 | 2.02 (1.27) | 1-5 | 1 |
|
|
Item A7 | 4.22 (0.79) | 2-5 | 5 |
|
|
Item A8 | 3.07 (1.37) | 1-5 | 3 |
|
|
Item A9 | 4.18 (0.81) | 1-5 | 4 |
|
|
Item A10 | 3.73 (1.03) | 1-5 | 3 |
|
|
Item A11 | 2.62 (1.37) | 1-5 | 1 |
|
|
Item A12 | 3.82 (1.11) | 1-5 | 5 |
|
|
Item A13 | 2.22 (1.68) | 1-5 | 1 |
|
|
Item A14 | 1.49 (1.08) | 1-5 | 1 |
|
|
Item A15 | 3.82 (1.25) | 1-5 | 5 |
| CORO |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Item A1 | 1.11 (0.32) | 1-2 | 1 |
|
|
Item A2 | 4.31 (0.95) | 1-5 | 5 |
|
|
Item A3 | 2.76 (1.43) | 1-5 | 1 |
|
|
Item A4 | 4.24 (0.80) | 2-5 | 5 |
|
|
Item A5 | 4.64 (0.48) | 4-5 | 5 |
|
|
Item A6 | 1.67 (1.15) | 1-5 | 1 |
|
|
Item A7 | 4.33 (0.88) | 1-5 | 5 |
|
|
Item A8 | 2.11 (1.34) | 1-5 | 1 |
|
|
Item A9 | 4.22 (0.79) | 1-5 | 4 |
|
|
Item A10 | 3.84 (0.98) | 1-5 | 3 |
|
|
Item A11 | 2.69 (1.33) | 1-5 | 1 |
|
|
Item A12 | 4.11 (0.83) | 2-5 | 4 |
|
|
Item A13 | 2.16 (1.64) | 1-5 | 1 |
|
|
Item A14 | 1.49 (1.08) | 1-5 | 1 |
|
|
Item A15 | 3.87 (1.18) | 1-5 | 5 |
| ORO |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Item A1 | 1.24 (0.61) | 1-3 | 1 |
|
|
Item A2 | 4.24 (0.96) | 1-5 | 5 |
|
|
Item A3 | 2.56 (1.39) | 1-5 | 1 |
|
|
Item A4 | 3.93 (0.94) | 2-5 | 5 |
|
|
Item A5 | 4.42 (0.87) | 1-5 | 5 |
|
|
Item A6 | 1.89 (1.27) | 1-5 | 1 |
|
|
Item A7 | 4.53 (0.66) | 3-5 | 5 |
|
|
Item A8 | 1.73 (1.34) | 1-5 | 1 |
|
|
Item A9 | 4.40 (0.81) | 1-5 | 4 |
|
|
Item A10 | 3.84 (0.98) | 1-5 | 3 |
|
|
Item A11 | 2.78 (1.43) | 1-5 | 1 |
|
|
Item A12 | 4.16 (0.80) | 3-5 | 4 |
|
|
Item A13 | 2.20 (1.69) | 1-5 | 1 |
|
|
Item A14 | 1.53 (1.10) | 1-5 | 1 |
|
|
Item A15 | 3.84 (1.15) | 1-5 | 5 |
aSee Multimedia Appendix 2 (Appearance questionnaire).
bA1: the robot looks dangerous; A2: the appearance inspires confidence in me; A3: the appearance is familiar; A4: the appearance is aesthetically pleasing; A5: the colors are appropriate; A6: the appearance is out of proportion and nonsymmetric; A7: the appearance is in good agreement; A8: the robot is too big and bulky; A9: the complete robot and its various parts seem robust; A10: the materials are appropriate; A11: the appearance is unable to communicate its functions; A12: the position of the touchscreen is appropriate; A13: the presence of colored lights in the eyes of the robot is useless; A14: the presence of a head on the robot restricts or inhibits the interaction with the robot; A15: the appearance invites me to touch and interact with it.