Table 1.
Clinician Characteristics, Exposure to Transgender Individuals, Barriers and Facilitators Related to Caring for Transgender Patients, and Willingness to Provide Care (N = 140)
| Clinician characteristics | n (%) |
|---|---|
| Age (mean, SD) | 39.7 (13.4) |
| Sex | |
| Male | 58 (41.4) |
| Female | 82 (58.6) |
| Continent of origin | |
| North America/Caribbean | 91 (65.5) |
| Other | 48 (34.5) |
| Political views | |
| Liberal | 66 (47.1) |
| Moderate | 51 (36.4) |
| Conservative | 23 (16.4) |
| Specialty | |
| Internal medicine | 97 (69.3) |
| Family medicine | 43 (30.7) |
| Clinician type | |
| Resident | 73 (52.1) |
| Advanced practitioner | 3 (2.1) |
| Attending physician | 64 (45.7) |
| Exposure | |
| Ever met a transgender person | |
| Yes | 106 (75.7) |
| No | 34 (24.3) |
| Treated transgender patient in past 5 years | |
| Yes | 75 (53.6) |
| No | 65 (46.4) |
| Empathy (mean, SD)a | 5.4 (1.5) |
| Transphobia (mean, SD)a | 3.2 (1.1) |
| Barriers and Facilitators | |
| Lack of training on transgender healthb | |
| Yes | 67 (47.9) |
| No | 73 (52.1) |
| Lack of exposure to transgender patients | |
| Yes | 52 (37.1) |
| No | 88 (62.9) |
| Lack of knowledge about transgender care among staffb | |
| Yes | 45 (32.1) |
| No | 95 (67.9) |
| Lack of familiarity with transition care guidelinesb | |
| Yes | 73 (52.1) |
| No | 67 (47.9) |
| Capable of providing routine care to transgender patientsb | |
| Yes | 96 (68.6) |
| No | 44 (31.4) |
| Willingness to provide care | |
| Willing to provide routine care for transgender patientsb | 120 (85.7) |
| Willing to provide Pap tests for transgender menb | 104 (78.6) |
Pap = Papanicoulou.
a
Theoretical range 1–7. Higher score represents greater empathy or transphobia.
b
Originally measured on a 7-point scale. Dichotomized for analysis (1-4=no, 5-7=yes).