Table 1.
Selected Characteristics† of Study Nursing Home Residents by Type 2 Diabetes Status (N=15,720)
| Characteristic | T2D n=4,797 |
No T2D n= 10,923 |
|---|---|---|
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 81 (8) | 84 (8) |
| Male, n (%) | 1,472 (31) | 3,108 (29) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| White, non-Hispanic, n (%) | 3,664 (76) | 9,165 (84) |
| Black, non-Hispanic, n (%) | 721 (15) | 1,193 (11) |
| Hispanic, n (%) | 305 (6) | 372 (3) |
| Other, n (%) | 107 (2) | 193 (2) |
| Nursing home length of stay in days, median (IQR) | 534 (130–1218) | 591 (174–1303) |
| Primary or secondary diagnoses (prior year) | ||
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 1,132 (24) | 2,675 (25) |
| Heart failure, n (%) | 2,472 (52) | 5,113 (47) |
| Angina pectoris, n (%) | 628 (13) | 1,400 (13) |
| Unstable angina, n (%) | 599 (13) | 1,035 (10) |
| Asthma, n (%) | 91 (2) | 147 (1) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, n (%) | 1,280 (27) | 2,880 (26) |
| CHESS score (overall health stability)‡ | ||
| No instability, n (%) | 2,595 (54) | 6,241 (57) |
| Minimal instability, n (%) | 1,393 (29) | 3,131 (29) |
| Low instability, n (%) | 681 (14) | 1,260 (12) |
| Moderate to very high instability, n (%) | 128 (3) | 291 (3) |
| Cognitive performance | ||
| Cognitively intact, n (%) | 992 (21) | 1,749 (16) |
| Mild dementia, n (%) | 1,622 (34) | 3,469 (32) |
| Moderate to severe dementia, n (%) | 2,183 (46) | 5,705 (52) |
| Activities of daily living status | ||
| Independent to limited supervision, n (%) | 1,252 (26) | 3,052 (28) |
| Extensive assistance required, n (%) | 2,203 (46) | 4,993 (46) |
| Dependent or totally dependent, n (%) | 1,342 (28) | 2,878 (26) |
| Statin medications, n (%) | 1,794 (37) | 2,734 (25) |
| Antiplatelet medications, n (%) | 947 (20) | 1,671 (15) |
| Warfarin, n (%) | 643 (13) | 1,287 (12) |
| Number of Medications (last MDS assessment), mean (SD) | 13 (5) | 12 (5) |
| AMI index hospitalization characteristics | ||
| Length of stay in days, median (IQR) | 6 (4–9) | 6 (4–9) |
| One or more days in CCU or ICU, n (%) | 2,795 (58) | 6,263 (57) |
| Initial Post-AMI Type of Care | ||
| Skilled Nursing Facility, n (%) | 3,406 (71) | 7,877 (72) |
| Long-Term Care, n (%) | 1,391 (29) | 3,046 (28) |
T2D, type 2 diabetes; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; MDS, minimum data set; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; CCU, coronary care unit; ICU, intensive care unit.
†
All characteristics measured before the acute myocardial infarction unless otherwise noted.
‡
The Changes in Health, End-Stage Disease, Signs, and Symptoms Scale was designed to identify individuals at risk of serious decline. It creates a 6- point scale from 0 = not at all unstable to 5 = highly unstable, with higher levels predictive of adverse outcomes such as mortality, hospitalization, pain, caregiver stress, and poor self-rated health.