Table 2.

Force requirements for CME estimated from simulations.

Turgor pressure	Membrane tension	Curvature-generating proteins	Pulling force required	References
0	0.02 pN/nm (low)	Clathrin	15 pN	[14]
1 kPa (low)	0.5 pN/nm (high)	No	190 pN	[23]
1 kPa (low)	0.5 pN/nm (high)	BAR and clathrin	130 pN	[23]
1 kPa (low)	0.5 pN/nm (high)	Clathrin	0	[23]
0.2–1 MPa (high)	0	Clathrin	3000 pN	[24]