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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Calcif Tissue Int. 2018 May 12;103(4):380–387. doi: 10.1007/s00223-018-0432-2

Table 3. Age-Adjusted and Multivariate Relative Risks for Clinical Vertebral Fracture According to Duration of PPI or H2-Receptor Antagonist Use*.

PPI Use None < 4 years 4 – 7.9 years ≥ 8 years P for Trend
Cases of Vertebral Fracture (n) 396 78 48 19
Person-years (n) 488,126 64,894 25,970 6,458
Age-adjusted Relative Risk (95% CI) 1.00 (reference) 1.28 (1.00, 1.63) 1.48 (1.09, 2.01) 1.93 (1.21, 3.08) 0.001
Multivariate Relative Risk (95% CI) † (Model without osteoporosis) 1.00 (reference) 1.22 (0.95, 1.56) 1.35 (0.99, 1.85) 1.75 (1.09, 2.81) 0.003
Multivariate Relative Risk (95% CI) †† (Model with osteoporosis) 1.00 (reference) 1.16 (0.90, 1.49) 1.27 (0.93, 1.73) 1.64 (1.02, 2.64) 0.01
H2-Receptor Antagonist Use None < 4 years ≥ 4 years P for Trend
Cases of Vertebral Fracture (n) 464 60 17
Person-years (n) 526,606 47,448 11,394
Age-adjusted Relative Risk (95% CI) 1.00 (reference) 1.32 (1.01, 1.73) 1.10 (0.68, 1.79) 0.21
Multivariate Relative Risk (95% CI) † (Model without osteoporosis) 1.00 (reference) 1.19 (0.91, 1.58) 0.99 (0.61, 1.61) 0.63
Multivariate Relative Risk (95% CI) †† (Model with osteoporosis) 1.00 (reference) 1.16 (0.88, 1.53) 0.98 (0.60, 1.59) 0.72
*

PPI and H2-Receptor Antagonist use were updated throughout the analysis period (2002-2014). Relative risks are for the risk of vertebral fracture compared with the group that did not use PPIs or H2-Receptor Antagonists. This analysis includes 541 cases since 6 cases were missing information on duration of PPI and H2RA use.

†

The multivariate model includes body mass index, race, physical activity, history of falls, smoking status, alcohol intake, supplemental calcium intake, quintiles of diet calcium intake, total vitamin D intake, vitamin A intake, total protein intake, history of diabetes, postmenopausal hormone use, and recent physical exam.

††

The multivariate model includes body mass index, race, physical activity, history of falls, smoking status, alcohol intake, supplemental calcium intake, quintiles of diet calcium intake, total vitamin D intake, vitamin A intake, total protein intake, history of diabetes, self-reported osteoporosis, postmenopausal hormone use, and recent physical exam.