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Summation of risk factors for colorectal cancer by anatomical site from Murphy et al. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018. The double-headed arrow means the risk factor is agnostic for that anatomical site (no heterogeneity statistically and no difference between anatomical sites), whereas the downward arrow indicates lowering risk and the upward arrow indicates increasing risk at each anatomic site or overall. CRC, colorectal cancer; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
