Table 1. A comparison of bioreactor types for culturing tissue organoids.

Bioreactor type	Functionality	Advantages	Disadvantages
Stirred tank	Producing organoids	High nutrient transfer, easy to use	High volume, high shear, high cost
Clinostat/RWV	Producing organoids	Low shear, generate embryoid bodies	High volume, high cost, failure prone
Microfluidics devices	Maintaining organoids	Low volumes, cell-cell contact	Difficult to manufacture
Hollow fiber	Producing organoids	Low volumes, controlled shear	Difficult to manufacture
Modular assembly	Maintaining organoids	Moderate volume, adaptable	Difficult to assemble, failure prone

RWV, rotating wall vessel.